Outlier - 1537 Words

1. The large difference between how I have thought and understood success compared to the way Malcolm Gladwell argues is the circumstances and families that create success. Previous to reading this book, I strongly believed that the way to become successful was to put in hard work. For example, my theory to success was similar along the lines to what Malcolm Gladwell discusses earlier in the book. He says, â€Å"Practice isn’t the thing you do once you’re good. It’s the thing you do that makes you good†(Gladwell, 2008). I believed if you practiced what you want to be successful at everyday, you would eventually end up reaching your goal. However, after reading Malcolm Gladwell’s opinion my beliefs are now different. One of the more important†¦show more content†¦To Sternberg, practical intelligence is â€Å"knowledge that helps out read situations correctly and get what you want†(Gladwell, 2008). It is clear that Klotz’s cultural language lacked practical intelligence. However, I believe numerous cultures in the United States also lack the same intelligence. Malcolm Gladwell recalls a study where â€Å"Annette Lareau conducted a fascinating study of a group of third graders†(Gladwell, 2008). Results of the study showed that lower-class children are â€Å"quiet and submissive†(Gladwell, 2008). Therefore, children and adults who are from lower-class families very well could have responded the same way Klotz did during a time of emergency. The cultural language of the United States can also be outgoing and far from â€Å"quiet and submissive†. Malcolm Gladwell discusses the South and the personalities people possess there. From results of an experiment, it had shown that Southerners were more willing to stand up for themselves. The experiment consisted of calling them an â€Å"asshole† to see if it â€Å"caused their levels of testosterone and cortisol-the hormones that drive arousal and aggression-to go up† (Gladwell, 2008). The results were the Southerners â€Å"were angry, their cortisol and testosterone jumped. Their handshakes got firm†. It is easy to predict how a Southerner would have reacted to a plane moment’s way from crashing if they react strongly to simply being called a derogatory name.Show MoreRelatedOutliers, By Malcolm Gladwell1431 Words   |  6 PagesOutliers, written by Malcolm Gladwell, examines the wonder of high achievement, and success frequently attributed to the hard work, determination, and specific talent in individuals. Gladwell succeeds at analyzing judgments and cultural epidemics, while putting his thesis into view, and explaining his proof through a series of short, exemplifying accounts. Stressing the fact that hard work is a crucial factor in becoming successful, Gladwell does not deduct the need for discrete skills. Factors suchRead MoreOutliers Essay1630 Words   |  7 PagesOutliers Essay An Outlier is someone who stands out in a group due to their mastery of a certain skill and because of that they are successful. According to Gladwell not anyone can become successful; it takes the right circumstances and opportunities. Human’s capability seems limitless, and if we put in the time and hard work we can achieve our goals. We as a society love to think that a person may become successful and that we all have the same opportunities and chance of succeeding if weRead MoreOutliers, By Malcolm Gladwell1245 Words   |  5 Pagesand many other multi-millionaires were all born within a span of 3 years? Malcolm Gladwell, the author of Outliers, suspects that there is something more behind this occurrence than just a simple coincidence. He asserts that there is no such thing as a self-made man and success does not come from natural talent, rather it comes from extraordinary opportunities and hidden advantages. In Outliers, Gladwell attempts to debunk the myth that peo ple are successful because of themselves, and not because ofRead MoreOutliers : By Malcolm Gladwell1917 Words   |  8 Pages Malcolm Gladwell wrote the book titled Outliers to show the world how unique people got their start and all of the factors and obstacles it takes to succeed in life. Every chapter of this book contains a different success story. At the beginning of each new section, Malcolm describes where each story is taking place and who will be involved. An example of this unique imagery includes the start of the chapter titled, â€Å"The Ethnic Theory of Plane Crashes,† when Malcolm Gladwell described the settingRead MoreEssay on Outliers by Malcolm Gladwell1853 Words   |  8 PagesExecutive Summary The novel Outliers, aims to investigate the very thing we want for our family, our students, and ourselves. For most of our lives we have believed that with hard work, anyone can achieve success. That had to be the reason that poor immigrants like Andrew Carnegie and college dropouts like Bill Gates achieved unimaginable wealth. Most of us were taught that working harder than anyone else would lead to ultimate success. While the author, Malcolm Gladwell, does not disputeRead MoreRhetorical Analysis on Outliers by Malcolm Gladwell571 Words   |  3 PagesIn Malcolm Gladwell’s book Outliers, he defines an outlier as someone who does something out of the ordinary or differently. The author is very credible and has a few awards for writing, â€Å"Outliers.† We should listen to Gladwell because some of his information is knowledgeable and can help with everyday life. His purpose is to teach us about the many rules that are being described in the book. The main intended audience would have to be the world and how he displays his values to millions of peopleRead MoreThe Book Outliers The Story Of Success By Joe Flom851 Words   |  4 PagesThe story of Joe Flom incorporates many aspects of the first half of the book Outliers The Story of Success. Malcolm Gladwell uses comparisons of other families with similarities of Flom’s story to demonstrate why he is successful. The story o f Flom not only has what the previous chapters present but also some new concepts. At the beginning of the chapter Gladwell tells the reader about Flom’s success and then jumps backwards to explain how it occurred. He also explains why some people thrive whileRead MoreWhy We Should Be Diligent About Checking For Our Outliers2421 Words   |  10 PagesAn outlier is an observation that lies an abnormal distance from other values in random sample from a population. Outliers are data values that are differ greatly from a majority of a set of data. The value that falls outside of an overall trend that a present in the data. Sometimes outliers can be caused by an error and other times outliers indicate the presence of a previously unknown phenomenon. Other reasons that we should feel the need to be diligent about checking for our outliers is becauseRead MoreWhy Are Do Underdogs Win in Malcolm Gladwells Blink and Outliers904 Words   |  4 PagesHistory has it that the underdogs o f our society are ought to win due to their disadvantages. In David and Goliath, Malcolm Gladwell (the author of Blink and Outliers) explores why the disadvantaged misfits were able to win their greatest opposing giants. Gladwell initiates his discovery with the Biblical story of David, an Israeli shepherd boy, who killed Goliath with a slingshot. He explains how the chances of the underdogs increase when they fight unconventionally. In our society, our advantagesRead MoreSuccess And Success : Malcolm Gladwell s Outliers : The Story Of Success1843 Words   |  8 Pagesalmost imminent result of talent, effort, and hard work. Liberals, on the other hand, believe that even when people who work hard and are talented could sometimes fall when hard times are presented and associate that with luck. Malcolm Gladwell’s Outliers: The Story of Success, argues that factors and circumstances are those that will determine the person’s success rather than then hard work and effort. Many people would disagree with Malcolm Gladwell. The way that Gladwell portrays luck throughout

The Family Of A Family - 1373 Words

A father and a mother provide an atmosphere in which to live, grow, and develop. The family culture is established by the parents and instilled in the children during their upbringing. A healthy family, is a family that follows a set of strong morals, stays loyal to one another, cooperates, and works together to avoid household differences. An environment where there is openness amongst family members is ideal because minds that are open are more liable to preventing any anger that their adolescents might express. If these challenges get the best of a family, it has the potential to increase hostility and create remoteness between the adolescents. If a family resolves their disagreements, it can strengthen, enforce the family relationships and have a positive effect on the adolescents. Over the past centuries in the United States, the perfect American family was a father who worked and took care of the finances, a mother who stayed at home taking care of the household responsibilitie s, children, and making sure they went to school. This was the great family structure in the United States. Every family from low, middle, and rich class retained this family lifestyle structure. Any deviation from this family structure was normally looked down upon and detested. However, times and social standards have changed dramatically since then. In the book Making Marriage Work: A History of Marriage and Divorce in the Twentieth-Century United States, the author states, â€Å"A successfulShow MoreRelatedFamily : Family With Family Essay1444 Words   |  6 PagesFamily Interview Family Therapy is a great way to open up and really get concerns and issues out in the open with families. The assignment was to have a non-clinical family interview, it was not like a therapy session, but it gave great insight of have a family session could go, it was a great experience. It allowed me to be the interviewer and ask questions about a family. It was a really interesting assignment. It consisted of selecting a family, asking questions, observing, and forming my thoughtsRead MoreFamily Of Family And Family Essay940 Words   |  4 PagesFamily! Family! Family! Family can be a wonderful thing. It can be healthy or unhealthy. It can be functional or dysfunctional. Family means different things to different people. Some families are loving and close. Some families are mean, hateful, and distant. There are different types of relationships within a family unit. Relationships can be enmeshed, detached, or disengaged; these types of relationships are unhealthy. The fa mily system can be open and homeostatic; these kinds of relationshipRead MoreFamily : Family And Family Essay1967 Words   |  8 PagesFamily Family it has so many different definitions and they are different for each person. The dictionary definition is â€Å"a group consisting of parents and children living together in a household† or â€Å"all the descendants of a common ancestor†. My definition of family can range from blood relatives to friends of the family that have been around for some time that are practically already family. I don’t believe family is people that are just blood but those that have had such a deep/ emotional impactRead MoreThe Family Of A Family972 Words   |  4 PagesThe author interviewed a nuclear family of three. The family consists of the mother, a four-year-old son and grandfather living in the grandfather’s home. The adult family members smoke and drink alcohol, behavior lifestyles that put the family at risk. The grandfather expressed concern that his grandson not having siblings and same age role models could have negative an effect on his childhood. The autho r was encouraged when the family did suggest that if they considered setting up playdates andRead MoreFamily Families : A Parent Family963 Words   |  4 PagesOne parent family as a household with at least one child and a parent by Online Dictionary. Like other growing problems, one parent families are an important raising situation in the United States. Some everyday struggles and disadvantages are experienced by single parents today. Problems such families have to face can range from expensive day care, economic hardship, hurdles in balancing both home and work, and ability to spend limited quality time with children and finical difficulties (AmbertRead MoreThe Family Of A Family1304 Words   |  6 PagesIntroduction A family is a group of two or more people that are related by blood, marriage (registered), adoption, step or fostering, and who usually live together in the same household. This includes newly-weds without children, gay partners, couples with dependants, single mums or dads with children, siblings living together, and many other variations (What is a family, 2013). A family consists of many variables that work together to form a system. The main functions of a family are to ensure thatRead MoreThe Family Of A Family756 Words   |  4 Pages There was a family who came to the school as we were leaving out who wanted to see a counselor to discuss familial issues. We were walking to the car when the attendance keeper ran us down to come back for a parent. The counselors were all busy with some in meetings, covering classes, etc. Our student came in upset that morning. The mother, daughter, and cousin wanted to debrief the school on what happened the night before. The parents are going through finalizing divorce and a custody battleRead MoreThe Family Of A Family1319 Words   |  6 PagesIntroduction A family is a group of two or more people that are related by blood, marriage (registered), adoption, step or fostering, and who usually live together in the same household. This includes newly-weds without children, gay partners, couples with dependants, single mums or dads with children, siblings living together, and many other variations (What is a family, 2013). A family consists of many variables that work together to form a system. The main functions of a family are to ensure thatRead MoreFamily Matters : Family And Family2012 Words   |  9 PagesFamily Matters Family isn’t who shares the same blood. Family isn’t who you’re related to. Family isn’t who birthed you. Family isn’t who you share a house with. Family isn’t in the blood. Family is the people who would shed blood for you, no matter what. My dad, he doesn’t share the same blood as me. He wasn’t there holding my mother’s hand when her emotions were awoken by the sound of her first born, a girl, being swaddled in blankets and handed over to her embrace. He hasn’t lived in the sameRead MoreFamily : A Family Of Affinity, And An Extended Family Essay1586 Words   |  7 PagesWe began this semester talking about what the definition of a family was. We delved into the definitions of each type of family, focusing mainly on a nuclear family, a family of affinity, and an extended family. I recently began watching this TV show called The Fosters. This show is the definition of a family of affinity, it follows two monogamo us lesbian women who aren’t married but have been together for years. One of the women has a son by her ex-husband and the two women together have adopted

System Analysis and Design Computers Informatics Nursing

Question: Discuss about the System Analysis and Design for Computers Informatics Nursing. Answer: Introduction: Tele-health is gaining popularity in many countries presently. These services have numerous benefits for aged people. There is no question that tele-health has gone mainstream. But some problems have been identified for tele-health services. The main problem of this type of services is the lack of access to the medical history of the patients. Tele-health providers make diagnoses, recommendations and treatments relying on questionnaires. Another vital challenge is the fact that commercially available devices (e.g. cloud-based mobile application used by Tunstall tele-health) are point solutions. It means that the prescribed tele-care packages may not be always suitable for the individual needs, preferences or capabilities of people. This can cause unacceptable or unused solutions which may be ignored. The cloud-based mobile application used by Tunstall tele-health is a really good service. But aged users be intimidated by technologies. Multimodal and multisensory interactions can enhance this services by enabling use and personalization with a wide range of needs and capabilities (McGee-Lennon et al. , 2011). Another problem is the use of technologies by older people. According to a study, senior users above 65 years had a accomplishment frequency of only 53 percent in finishing tasks like finding the correct information and also made an average of 3.7 mistakes for each given task (Cresci et al., 2010). Capabilities The cloud-based mobile application used by Tunstall tele-health collects the vital signs of patients and provides solutions as per the interview information. The main software (application) used in their services are Integrated Care Platform (ICP) triage manager, myclinic telehealth hubs, ICP video conferencing, mymobile app and ICP mycare. These technologies are used for supporting patients with long-term situations to monitor their specific vital signs from home through myclinic telehealth hub. ICP also offers video conferencing and have face-to-face interaction services with health care staffs regardless of medical conditions and locations. There is no doubt that this service is good but multimodal interactions can make it better and more effective. In the home environment, auditory, olfactory and tactile outputs can provide significant advantages. Simple auditory notifications can be used to provide details on the tasks to be remembered and also the details of when, how and where the tasks have to be carried out. User-cantered designs of technologies must be created to support care at home (McGee-Lennon et al., 2011). Benefits Tele-health solutions are an innovative way of solving health problems to some extent. These services decrease socioeconomic demands by decreasing travelling for face-to-face appointments. It especially helpful for older people of regional, rural and remote areas who cannot travel. Tele-health services like Tunstall are ideal for aged people living with chronic health problems like cardiovascular diseases, congestive heart failure, asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases, hypertension, cystic fibrosis, diabetes and in-home dialysis etc. tele-health services also provide solutions for falls managements, dementia, epilepsy, chronic disease management and cognitive physical disabilities (Callan O'Shea, 2015). As described by Chou et al. (2013), aged peoples with healthier communal wellbeing and health status who used their tele-health programs regularly had enhanced the quality of life and became proficient in the use of applications and technologies. Their study also showed th at aged persons who perceived tele-health as beneficial in resolving health difficulties were keen to use it and had a better insight of their quality of life, particularly with respect to their interpersonal relationships and existing atmosphere. The undeniable benefit of tele-health is also the association of elders in the course of cure, development and restoration of their health cognizance. Patients who perform well in a tele-health programs may not require going in for their frequently booked in-person visits. Tele-health supports better engagement by allowing patients assist in understanding and selecting which applications they want to use. With reduced movement, simple but quick online interaction between the aged persons and health care experts becomes highly significant, saving time on travelling and speed up the diagnosis process, diminishing repetition of diagnosis testing and medical facilities, and permitting rational triaging of elders (Hirani et al., 2014). Telehealth-based cares form proactive healthy activities. Tele-monitoring can identify pathological signs symptoms and unusual test outcomes previously than before or during a routine clinical appointment or examination in an emergency condition, therefore delivering prevention methods to be applied timely. Tele-monitoring performs an essential educational role as well. Patients who are alert to their health conditions often initiate to learn further facts about their disorders and how to self-care. They start to know their bodies much better and are more enthusiastic to take actions to modify bad habits and maintain a healthier lifestyle (Bujnowska-Fedak Grata-Borkowska, (2015). References Bujnowska-Fedak, M. M., Grata-Borkowska, U. (2015). Use of telemedicine-based care for the aging and elderly: promises and pitfalls. SHTT,3, 91-105. Callan, A., O'Shea, E. (2015). Willingness to pay for telecare programmes to support independent living: Results from a contingent valuation study. Social Science Medicine,124, 94-102. Chou, C. C., Chang, C. P., Lee, T. T., Chou, H. F., Mills, M. E. (2013). Technology acceptance and quality of life of the elderly in a telecare program.Computers Informatics Nursing,31(7), 335-342. Cresci, M. K., Yarandi, H. N., Morrell, R. W. (2010). The digital divide and urban older adults.Computers Informatics Nursing,28(2), 88-94. Hirani, S. P., Beynon, M., Cartwright, M., Rixon, L., Doll, H., Henderson, C., Bower, P. (2014). The effect of telecare on the quality of life and psychological well-being of elderly recipients of social care over a 12-month period: the Whole Systems Demonstrator cluster randomised trial.Age and ageing,43(3), 334-341. McGee-Lennon, M. R., Wolters, M. K., Brewster, S. (2011, May). User-centred multimodal reminders for assistive living. InProceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems(pp. 2105-2114). ACM.

Why the Best Writers Should Write Every Day

People often assume that the best writers have a natural talent for producing great works on demand. But as anyone does it for a living knows, that’s simply not the case most of the time. Writing is a process and it takes a lot of practice and hard work to stay proficient. That’s why one thing that most of the best writers have in common is that they write every day. Insights from Writing Giants The writer of Charlotte’s Web, E.B. White, once said in an interview that he tries not to let his environment interfere with his writing: â€Å"A writer who waits for ideal conditions under which to work will die without putting a word on paper.† Ernest Hemingway and Kurt Vonnegut always wrote early every morning. Today, many prolific writers do the same. They don’t wait for the â€Å"right moment† to write, they just write, often early in the morning before other daily tasks take over. When you get into the habit of writing every day, it becomes a part of your routine and strengthens your writing prowess. You could write for a full seven consecutive hours in one day, but writing for an hour every day of the week is probably a better approach. It strengthens your discipline as a writer and is less likely to lead to burn out. Like physical exercise, frequency – not quantity – is more effective in the long run. The Many Benefits of Daily Writing Clears Your Mind You don’t only have to write pieces that are meant to be published – they can just be fun notes for yourself. The process of writing is a great way to reduce stress and unclog your mind. Once your thoughts are put on the page or screen, you free up your mind to be more creative or be able to focus on new ideas. Sharpens Your Writing Skills The ability to communicate clearly and effectively deteriorates without practice. Writing frequently will improve your vocabulary and the flow of your writing so that you can communicate more concisely. Developing a writing schedule will help you preserve important writing time. It will also encourage you to streamline your daily schedule to maximize your writing output. Eliminates Writer’s Block When we struggle to write, it’s often because we’re afraid of writing badly. This feeling can increase if you haven’t written for a few days. But the trick is to just write – no matter how â€Å"badly† – and edit it later. As writer Jodi Picoult said: â€Å"You might not write well every day, but you can always edit a bad page. You can’t edit a blank page.† Write for Yourself The great thing about writing every day is that it doesn’t necessarily have to be for someone else – you can write whatever you want. Here are a few ideas on what you can write for fun. The Morning Purge First thing in the morning, write down anything and everything that comes into your head. Don’t edit as you go, just dump all your thoughts onto the page. It helps to clear your mind, lift your mood and begin your day with a clean slate. Love It, Hate It Pick an object or an activity and write about it from the perspective of absolutely loving it. Then write about it as though you really hate it. For example, write about how much you love television and then write about why you really don’t like it. Explore Your Senses Think of an object and try to describe it using all your five senses of sight, hearing, taste, smell and touch. It doesn’t matter if you can’t literally sense it – just use words to best describe the imagined sensation. For example: â€Å"The sun’s light burns my eyes. Its light waves smell like burning coals upon my face. When I touch its surface, the heat throbs through my veins, I can hear the dry leaves cracking under its heat and the air around me tastes likes cardboard on my tongue.† A Different Perspective Flash Fiction Write a short story using around 250 words. It must contain a beginning, middle and end – but make every word count. Boil the story down to its essence by removing anything that doesn’t add to the mood, reveal character, advance the plot or make the reader care. To help you get into the habit of writing daily, remember: Commit to it. Once or twice a week is too infrequent to help you form a habit. No excuses, just write something every day! Set aside time to write, at a regular time that works best for you. Start small. Even 100 words are something. You can always increase the word count over time. Eliminate distractions. Put your phone on silent. Close your Internet browser. Just sit down, or stand up, and write. Keep on Writing Good writing comes from practice and hard work. Even the greatest writers take years to develop their skills. However, the one thing they all have in common is that they keep on writing, through thick and thin. Day after day. If you’re struggling with writing, remember that the more you do it, the better you’ll become. Regular writing will not only reduce your fear of the blank page but also help you develop your style and your writing capacity.

Original piece of great business writing

Original piece of great business writing Business writing Business Writing Guidelines Below, there are helpful business writing guidelines. You may stick to them when producing your papers. However, remember that all your assignments have to be completed in accordance with the teacher’s instructions. In case some questions arise, you should contact to get valuable assistance with preparing your work in the business area. Nowadays, business sector grows very fast. New companies are created every day. In order to run business successfully, you should possess remarkable managerial, writing, and organizational skills. The thing is that it is essential to establish strong connection between the departments of the company, business partners, etc. When working in this field, you will need to send e-mails to colleagues, write financial reports, and other documents. As it is seen, writing takes a very important place in conducting business. Therefore, you should know how to organize documentation in the right way. For this reason, you should follow these useful business writing tips: When producing some pieces on economic topics, you should know who the addressee is. Thus, you will understand what writing style should be applied to different types of documents. It is necessary to identify clearly the aim of producing particular texts. Present accurate data only. Provide information concisely. It is better to use verbs in the active voice than in the passive. Do not use a lot of personal pronouns such as â€Å"you, I, we.† Reference Style You do want to produce an effective business writing piece, don’t you? Thus, you should pay attention to the format. The majority of papers in Business are formatted in APA. According to it, you need to use an author-date principle for in-text citations (for example, Adams, 1997). It is also recommended not to make endnotes and footnotes. By the way, if you need expert help with formatting your work, feel free to use our superior services. Types of Papers What is business writing? A lot of students want to get a clear answer to this question to be able to complete their assignments appropriately. There are different types of business works. They are: Memoranda These are short pieces of writing that provide general information inside the company. They should be organized in a particular business writing format. If writing such a paper is one of your college assignments, you should know that it can be produced in the informal style. Nevertheless, you should know who will read your memorandum. Thus, you will manage to provide enough useful information about its key issue. If you cannot write memos on your own, turn to our experts for assistance. Business Letters This is one of the means of business communication. They are written in formal style. By the way, you can use such papers to apply for a job. Business letters have a common format. Standard elements of a business letter are date, address, greeting, body, and closing part. They should be written clearly, so that readers can understand the message properly. If you want to show the addressee that you are aware of the subject, you may use specific terms. If you consider this assignment very complicated, you should address us. We know how to write a business letter properly. Case Analysis This is one of the common types of business writing. Students of business or economic courses are often assigned to produce it. When writing it, you need to apply knowledge gained during classes. It will help you examine the matter thoroughly. You should start with presenting the case. Then, you need to offer suitable solutions to the discussed problem. Business Plan It is made to help companies expand and provide its services appropriately. They are also used to obtain additional funding. By the way, students often get such business assignments. Note that it is essential to set the purpose of writing clearly when making business plans. If any difficulties occur, get in touch with us without hesitation. Business Proposal This piece of business writing presents effective solutions to the addressed problems. In order to write it properly, you should identify the problem and analyze it in detail. Proposals can be of two types: unsolicited and solicited. The former is produced to offer cooperation to other companies. The latter is written when a firm wants to use the services of other agencies.

Essay Writing Guide

Essay Writing Guide Essay Writing Guide Essay Writing Guide College essay writing is a specific work that demonstrates students knowledge and skills in definite discipline. The main goal of the essay writing is to persuade the reader in the actuality of the problem and to give a possible solution to problem from the point of view of a student. English essay writing is expected to be an independent work of a student. According to the experience of our professional writers, there is a number of mistakes (errors) students tend to make while writing their essays. The following essay writing tips are presented here to help you avoid the most common errors done in introduction, main part, and conclusion. Errors in the introduction: Failure to include a clear thesis statement defining the topic and setting the direct for essay writing Mixing the notions: object of study and subject of study; Statement of the purpose, objectives, scientific innovation and practical significance, which is not disclosed in the body of essay writing; Indication of the knowledge base that is not used in the main body of the essay. Terms definition vagueness. Errors in the main part: Substitution of arguing statement (there are too many or to less argumentations); Illogical structure of the English essay writing: Absence of linking paragraphs, sentences, words; Errors in the conclusion: Triviality and obviousness; Formulation of the interim results; The use of statements that are not essential for the essay writing and do not flow from the purpose of research. Custom Essay Writing If you are in need of professional custom essay writing services, you have great opportunity to rely on professionalism of our experienced essay writers who are able to write an impressive essay for you. We do not resell written projects and we do not plagiarize! We simply write perfect essays from scratch! Undoubtedly, there are many assignment of diverse complexity; nevertheless, our pricing system is adjusted only to deadline! It means that you know what you are paying for and can easily choose the most suitable deadline as well as price for your assignment! Read also: Writing a Dissertation Proposal Thesis Writing Thesis Writing Format My Dissertation How to Make a Thesis

Sponsorship Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Sponsorship - Assignment Example Creating a brand image is a corporate objective which NASCAR has embraced effectively. Through sponsorships, the company organizes races hat attract many fanatics. This forms a strategic opportunity to sell the brands. The techniques us include branded attire for drives, referring to car names to represent drivers and so on. The fitness and favorability of the driver attracts more attention to the car that he is driving rather than his personal being. This satisfies the marketing objective. The study reveals that the creating human like features on a brand is central to marketing process. The main emphasis here is selecting the best brand personality. This raises the idea of attitude towards the advertiser or the sponsor. This research shows that when people show positive attitudes towards an advertiser the n they have a favorable opinion on the brand. The personality of the drivers must blend with the qualities of the product that the sponsor wants to be transmitted to the potential buyers. This is because the sponsor-driver fit greatly affect purchase decision on potential customers. CRITIQUE While brand personality marketing yield better results, the research is extremely biased on the positive sides of brand personality. This is because the driver-sponsor fit is not the only factor that affects marketing. The relationship between the sponsor and the driver does not imply merging of attributes and thus their differences can be easily established by clients. For example, drivers’ characteristics may be consistent with the attributes of the product but the people’s attitudes towards the sponsor are not altered by the presence of the drivers, as such, people tend to differentiate the roles. From the research, the findings that imply the people favoring the brand personality favor the producer or sponsor is not well grounded. In many marketing scenarios, clients may have good ratings for the personality (driver) and thus come to the events to see h im in action, thus their interest may not lay in the brand which he’s representing. The essence of marketing is boosting sales. However, sales are boosted by the promotional efforts put in place by the sellers. The research is categorical that it is a requirement that the driver and the sponsor fit for the success of a brand. However, the potential clients might not be concerned about background relations between the driver and the sponsor. This is a work relationship. The choice of the consumers or buyers is influenced by the driver and the brand qualities. If a client observes how strong or fast a car is, then he or she will relate that to the brand that is being represented. As such, the driver sponsor congruence does not play an important role. Selection of a brand personality may affect the brand image in the long run. This is because the drivers are contacted for particular time or on certain terms. Therefore, the congruence hat last only during events may hurt the bran d later. An example is that the driver may be involved in scandals or situations that compromise the qualities and ethics of the sponsor. This affects that image of the brand among the existing and potential clients. Thus driver sponsor fit does not have total influence over the success of a brand. The research indicates that NASCAR events are well attended due to the fact that people fancy car races. However, the true motive for the race is marketing. Most people will attend the

Marketing Financial Services Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Marketing Financial Services - Assignment Example Al, 1995). Marketing of the financial service is quite a recent phenomenon even in developed nations of the world. The financial services industry plays a vital role in safeguarding the prospects of economic development around the globe (Ennew & Waite, 2006). The banking sector is increasingly faced with issue of service quality. Since it is quite difficult to differentiate between money and the financial services, banks are therefore continually working to enhance the service quality so that the competitive edge can be maintained. However, the most critical factor associated with improvement of service quality is determination of the service quality characteristics that are considered as important by consumers. It also becomes important to consider the elements of the service quality that are important for different group of consumers (Stafford, 1996). It has been found that the service has increased worldwide significantly in general terms. However, the financial services have expe rienced a less encouraging future. The reason behind this has been the market saturation that has led to search for the growth opportunities. To enhance the growth opportunities two approaches seem to be viable. ... The most important thing to be considered is that M&S lends the consumers’ savings to other M&S customers in the UK. The money is lent in the form of personal loans or through M&S Credit Card (Marks and Spencer, n.d.). It was in the year 2004, when M&S Money became part of the HSBC Group; however it continued to operate under M&S Money brand. The company has around 1500 employees. It is headquartered at Chester where the group actively supports its local community. It endeavors to focus its effort both voluntarily and financially on schools and charities. The company has wide range of products catering to wider group of people all around the globe. The insurance products of the company have won many awards. Other products include loans and saving products. Its mission is to cater to the needs of various groups of people by providing them financial solutions that are both simple and underpinned by the core values of Marks and Spencer which are quality, value, innovation, servic e and trust. The company’s most attractive product has been the credit card which allows the customers to shop for 15 months with no interest to pay. Travel money is another product of M&S where 0% commission is levied on foreign currency and on foreign travelers’ cheque. Loans such as personal loans and car buying loans are also few of the other products of the company. SWOT Analysis The company is the best loan provider in the UK and provides several other products. It is the top choice of most of the customers in the country (Docstoc, 2010). M&S Money has received various awards. Recently in the year 2011, the company received award for the best travel insurance providers and the best pet insurance provider. It also received Defaqto 5 Star Rating in

Lifecycle of a Plastic Product Essay Example for Free

Lifecycle of a Plastic Product Essay Our life has been full with the uses of plastic in our daily life, in food and beverages to the appliances surrounding our daily life. Plastic was made from simple chains of molecules that are linked together called as Polymers. Thus, make many types of plastics are named starting with ‘Poly’ such Polyethylene, polystyrene and polypropylene. Municipal Solid Waste (MSW) More commonly known as rubbish or garbage such as packaging products, grass clippings, furniture, clothing, bottles, food scraps, newspapers, household appliances, paint, these daily items we use then throw away, and battery. It comes from our homes, schools, hospitals, and businesses [2]. Each year, a report on the EPA Advanced Certificate Management Amendment: Facts and Figures 2013, formerly known as Municipal Solid Waste in the United States: Facts and Figures. It contains information on municipal solid waste generation, recycling, and disposal. MSW trace after 30 years, source limit reports (waste prevention) MSW and MSW tipping landfill fees for historical information, generation and demolition Additional information on the information, which has been extended to include outside the scope. The new name emphasizes the importance of sustainable content management (CM). CM refers to the use and recycling of materials in a more productive and durable manner throughout their entire lifecycle. SMM practices to conserve resources reduce waste, slow climate change, the materials we use to reduce their impact on the environment. In 2013, nearly 254 million tons of garbage, recycled and converted to US fertilizer products of 87 million tons, equivalent to 34.3 percent recycling rate was generated. On average, we recycled and 40: 40 pounds per person per day. Even from that, plastic is a very crucial part of our everyday lives, as it been used and basically can be found everywhere. Some examples of usage of plastics are in electronics and surgical instrument as plastic is lightweight, cheap and easy to build. Other than that, plastic is very useful when dealing with durability along with times, it is because plastics don’t easily be damaged by surrounding, unlike iron that can rust over time if in contact with water. Plastic also has a great impact on our today telecommunication, as the world evolves with the technology, a higher demand for internet is needed and fiber optics cable for faster communication with others is needed. The main substances used to produce fiber optic is plastic, in vehicles plastic parts is also one of the major parts needed as it used because it optimizes the power usage and makes them more efficient. The parts that used plastic in a vehicle are including seats, polycarbonate windows and interior panel. Basically, plastic has its own advantages and disadvantages that made it impossible to be ban completely as its usage in every part of daily lives. Even though, it has an important role as one of the vital resources in domestic and also industrial, because of plastics characteristics that are durable, water-resistant, lightweight and cheaper. The usage of plastic needs to supervise and handled appropriately for disposal. Not properly disposing of plastic could lead to plastic pollution due to the basic property of plastic that made it so durable and take thousands of years to decomposed [1]. The overuse of plastic and plastic pollution could give a number of effects on the environment and ecosystem. The effect to the environment is the landfills of plastic wastage due to overuse of plastic because of it cheaper and easier to be obtained. Other than that, an open burning with plastic will release dangerous chemical gasses to the air and could lead to impotence, cancer, asthma and etc. other than that, an authorized disposal of plastics to the sea or river could harm the animals live inside it. From a research, the turtles mostly die because of the plastics that they consume because turtles were mistaken plastics as jellyfish. Besides that, another effect to the animals is the entanglement of plastics to the body of turtles, dolphin and etc. that could affect the animal’s growth. There are several of ways that human can contribute to ensuring a smart usage of plastic to avoid plastic pollution. The easier ways to contribute is by shop friendly when shopping at the market to buy the needs for home, by having oneself shopping bag the usage of plastics can be reduced. Secondly, is to bring your own food container and drink bottle to reduce the usage of plastics from the packaging of your food and plastic bottle that cannot be reusable. Nonetheless, recycling is one of the vital ways that can help in reducing the usage of plastics because by recycling the plastics can be disposed of appropriately.

Strategic Management at Honda Essay -- Business Management Studies

Strategic Management at Honda 1. Firstly what is strategic management? It is the process of specifying an organization’s objectives, developing policies and plans to achieve these objectives, and allocating resources so as to implement the plans. Strategic management is usually performed by the highest level of managers in the company. A company’s strategy must be realistic enough for it to achieve it; hence it must make sure it has the right resources to be able to cope with the strategy. An example of an overall business strategy may be to put the organization in a position where it can carry out its mission. Now to see how the definition of strategic management conforms to what’s been written about how Honda grew and developed its markets in the US. Firstly in the BCG account of how Honda grew into the US markets it quotes â€Å"the success of the Japanese manufactures originated with the growth of their domestic market during the 1950s.† To think strategically there are three big questions that need to be answered that are, where are we now? Where do we want to go? How will we get there? I believe the first question of thinking strategically is now answered, â€Å"where are we now† Honda must of seen that they have been successful in their own domestic market and are ready to go into other markets so at this point they must have been thinking where do they want to go next hence the second strategic question. Another quote from the BCG report, â€Å"†¦.the basic philosophy of the Japanese manufactures is the high volumes per model provide the potential for high productivity as a result of using capital intensive and highly automated techniques.† This now I believe has answered the third question of thinking strategically, â€Å"how will we get there.† Honda knew from the success of their own domestic market the key to their success was gaining economies of scale as the cost of producing motorbikes declined with the level of output. So this would be their way of entering the US markets as they also knew their competitors would have a scale economy disadvantage in technology and manufacturing. If we look at the second account of how Honda grew and developed its markets in the US we can see other ways of how its conforms with strategic management. Pascal’s version is based on interviews with the Japanese executives. They say they had no ... ...aving a formalised approach to strategy and implementations there are some disadvantages. Having a formalised strategy can mean a lot of time and thought need to be put into forming a good strategy which might mean a huge drawback in cost savings whereas this time and thought could be implemented elsewhere in the business. A formalised approach to strategy development can also mean a slow response when there is a change in the market. Developing a strategy and implementing as said before takes a long time and a lot of thought which in business means money so when there is a change in the market the strategy may not be relevant to the new situation which could consequently mean further cost occurring such as forming new strategies and responding to the new market situation. A situation like this can be learnt from Honda when they thought their larger bikes would sell as Americans liked bigger things and also they thought the Buddha like handlebar would assist in sales of these larger bikes, but when this was not the case and they learnt it was the smaller bikes (50cc) the consumers wanted they had to quickly change their main strategy and follow on with a new one.

External or Internal Disaster in Organization

Different Business is affected by internal and external factors. These aspects have significant influences on the way business organisations are operating. One of these is the so-called disasters in an organization.Disasters may be considered as external if the forces happens from the external environment of the organization, like globalization, global financial crisis, technological changes and others while internet disasters are those that happens inside the organization like failure to provide quality service, inability to market the products and service well, inability to handle risks which affects the overall performance of the organization.Primarily, the goal of this paper is to consider an internal disaster from one of the most controversial organizations in the market, i. . the case of Enron. Internal Disaster Aforementioned, one of the most talked-about issues and disasters in the industry is the auditing as well as accounting failure of Enron. It is considered as the larges t bankruptcy and stock collapse (Fox 2003). Before the company faced this issue, Enron has been considered as a major American energy industry. The events or disasters that resulted to the bankruptcy and collapse started long before anyone had suspected fraud and anomalies at the industry.In this disaster, two names have been noted: Arthur Andersen and Enron. One of the disasters that challenged the company is the inability of the management to anticipate the wrongdoings of Arthur Andersen. The disasters are centered in auditing aspects just before Enron filed bankruptcy. For example in 1996, Andersen’s audit report regarding Waste Management finances were discovered to be irrelevant and materially false that results in inflation of Income of the company by over $1 billion in the middle period of the 1990s.On the other hand, in 1997, it has been found out by the SEC that Sunbean has used accounting tricks to create false profits and sales and Andersen’s role in this di saster is that he signed-off these financial reports event after an industry partner flagged them. Herein, the company faced major disaster of partnering or hiring an auditing and consulting industries which is distrustful and irresponsible. Although the company has not been aware, Enron still has some plans to prevent such issue.However, the initiative of the company when it comes to their financial audit has been very weak that it leads to their major bankruptcy. To be able to solve this kind of disaster, Enron management has provided disaster plans by identifying the root f the issue. After knowing the problem about Arthur Andersen, the management immediately seeks third party assistance to clear the issue by making Andersen pay for the scandals and anomalies he has done.On one hand, another disaster faced by the company is in line with the inefficient and strategic decision making approach and also having ambiguous and vague firm economic and practice aims. Although Enron has so me management plan, the company has not been able to execute this plan well. For instance, The CEO of Enron had various product plans which needed major financial support; the organization during that period was also going through major disasters in their international businesses.In addition, it was not until Enron was financially unstable did the company starts to do something. So as to resolve this kind of disaster, the organization implemented different approaches. However, the strategy of the company only went from one major disaster of loss to the other. Because of the failure of the management of the organization to have strategic decision making, this lead to major disaster of investments and partnerships, the organization’s growth slowed down . As a result more of its inabilities and failures had grown more apparent (Zellner et al. 2001).Bankruptcy and various cases against the company had resulted to their bankruptcy. In addition, various employees of the organizatio n had lost their college funds, life savings, and pensions along with the collapse of the company. Herein, it can be said that the management of Enron must be able to have strategic decision making for the future to continuously sustain the strength of the company. In order to solve this disaster, the organization has been able to initiate a proper and strategic decision-making of the company.Herein, the company’s decision should be made made strategically by identifying first the pros and cons of the decision that they made. The management sees to it that everybody should agree to the decision so that further conflict or risks within the company would not arise. Good decision making can be attributed as one of the vital factors that will help the business to achieve its core mission and objective. This alternative is helpful in a way that it can make the company more competitive and survive in the marketing environment. ConclusionThere are many lessons that can be learned fr om the case of Enron and Arthur Andersen. It can be concluded that, based on the case of Enron, it is important that every individual in the business field should know how to manage or to handle disasters, specifically internal disasters in order for the business to achieve success and to be able to managed it effectively. In our case, it is important that the lessons learned from Enron and Arthur Andersen scandal should serve as enlightenment in making an efficient risk management manual

Literary Analysis of an Unseen Extract Essay

Literary analysis of an unseen extract: how does the author engage the reader through the use of literary devices in your given extract? The first line † In the middle of nowhere†¦ † grabs the readers attention because it gets the reader wondering why this person is in the middle of nowhere, It gives the reader something to think about creating different feeling and emotions towards the reader. As you begin to read on you are given the weathers description â€Å"left behind its feeble breezes, but the heat scorched and smothered them† this shows how hot the country is but with a cool breeze, this creates quite a different affect on the reader because it sets a less mysterious scene to the first line. Near to the end of the first paragraph the word dereliction is used, this means a snse of abandonment is prevailed in the setting as it says â€Å"A deathly silence pervades the dereliction as far as the eye can see. † this shows quite a mysterious and creepy feeling towards the reader, makes you want to read on because it lures you in with the suspicion and suspense. On the second page the atmosphere is described, creating a shocking effect to the reader which again lures the reader to read on and find out more, the use of decriptive words that are used in such small sentences create a dramatic effect. â€Å"†¦ bare of breath of raging battles, rises kabul, or rather whats left of it† this shows a completely different side to Afghanistan to what we was hereing before. Grabbing the readers attention with detailed description of the way the surroundings look, â€Å"Nothing will ever be the same again† this shows a negative feeling that the reader could feel sympathy for the characters involved and this could make the reader want to read on because he/she will want to find out what happens to the characters. Within this extract there is a lot of horrific imagerey used to describe the charcters surroundings â€Å"the ruin of the city walls has spread in to the peoples souls† this is really negative and not quite a pleasant thing to imagine, to me this would pull me into reading the book more because its so strongly written that you can almost imagine every detail in your head, just like your there as one of the characters. The feelings that this extract causes the reader to feel are mixed emotions mostly quite disturbing and negative but definitely grabs the reader to read on, makes you want to keep reading because it snatches the reader from all distractions keepiing them directly focused on whats going to happen next. There is a lot of nature referrances in this extract which  could get the attention of a reader who for example like nature. In my opinion this extract s very good at grabbing the readers attention through descriptive language, It sets the scene and describes almost every detail about what happening around the characters. This would be so interesting to read because you can imagine yourself being there, feeling exactly what every character feels and sees.

Should filibustering be eliminated in the Senate

Should filibustering be eliminated in the Senate Introduction A filibuster refers to any tactic that is obstructive or dilatory and useful in the prevention of certain pieces of legislation from being tabled for voting. The senate may attempt to prevent or delay a vote by using these obstructive tactics such as extending the debate on the issue at hand.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Should filibustering be eliminated in the Senate? specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Since its inception, filibustering has encountered many challenges and critics including a call to abolish it. On the other hand, the proponents of filibustering have also been up in arms to try and preach its advantages, or worse still call for reforms to the principles of filibustering, in order to accommodate the views and interests of all citizens. This report seeks to explain the history of filibustering, the pros and cons, as well as various initiates for reforms. Definition and history Filibuster is defined as a way of obstruction in a body or institution responsible for critical decision making such as the legislature. Another term of a filibuster is talking out a bill. The filibuster users transferred this term to these adventurers because of their tactics and plans to hijack or pirate ongoing debates. The use of filibuster became common by a Republican congress in the Clinton administration, which was keen on blocking several initiatives of the President. In current times, its application also targets executive or government appointments, which must go through Senate scrutiny and confirmation. The pros of filibusters Filibustering has received support from all corners of the government and the general public. The proponents of filibusters believe in its usefulness especially in the legislative arm of the government. Proponents of the filibusters claim that it helps in protecting the will and interests of the majority. It makes the element of democracy look similar to the rule of the simple majority, thus filibuster use implies undemocratic governance that cannot be opposed. Democracy should be established in such a complex way to include the voice of minorities, and recognize the representation of the political minority such as their public officials. The representatives of the minority groups need to be able to express the majority views in order to make filibuster to have a legitimate role in democracy. Proponents of filibusters claim that it is vulnerable portion of the traditions of the Senate. This is because the Senate is a deliberate, unique body that also severs to protect the rights of the minorities (Tocqueville, Mansfield Winthrop, 2000).Advertising Looking for essay on government? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Most people consider a filibuster as a fence or barrier that acts against the executive branch of the government, which should only be considered as the last av ailable option for essential checks and balances. Filibuster also gives opportunities to the opposition part of the government or senate to get a majority vote, which can enable them to halt any process and make it a consensus. Proponents of filibuster are usually against the notion of cloture as a way of evading following the rightful procedures, and doing the right job. They see it as a way of enabling the senate to debate and amend any clauses freely. They also consider filibuster not to be a procedural gimmick but are rather a portion of the fabric that belongs to the Senate institution. Proponents believe that the filibuster is potent in nature. It is not just a way of head counting, but has a vital role in evaluating the intensity of views on controversial matters. It also increases the stakes in any debate and alerts the public that the raised issues are worth attention (Foner, 2006). Despite all the mentioned advantages and effectiveness of filibusters, critics have still co ntinued to denounce filibustering, while applying ever effort in attempting to abolish or eliminate it, with some democratic citizens opting for reforms. These critics have explored various negative aspects of filibustering. The cons of filibusters Filibuster destabilizes the selfs of filibusters An example of a famous bill from filibustering was by Senator Strom Thurmand from South Carolina. This bill involved the attempt to block the Civil Rights Act of 1957. This was the longest filibuster in the history of the United States.Advertising Looking for essay on government? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Strom Thurmond attempted to get other senators to agree with his arguments on the 1957 Civil Rights Act. HIs efforts were successful despite having had to fight for a long time while the other senators were just listening. Another example of a famous filibuster was one by Senator Huey Long from Lousiana, in 1935. This was the most effective, creative and dramatic filibuster of all times. The filibuster attempted to block political enemies from getting lucrative jobs through exploiting the National Recovery Administration. Huey Pierce Long was known to be a master of the filibuster. Difficult to hold focus on the work load made placing rules mandatory for extreme situations such as this one (Foner, 2006). Conclusion Filibuster was initially created for legitimate intentions but has since been abused and considered as a delay or smear tactic. However, filibusters have enabled the establishment of an effective requirement of the supermajority to be responsible for most legislative proc esses. Even, though, the new effects of the filibusters undermine the rule of the majority, it cannot be denounced to be entirely anti-majoritarian as it counteracts the aspects of anti-majority rule in the procedures of the senate such as use of the committee system. From the discussion, filibuster cannot be refuted to be unconstitutional, but rather consider the senate rule XXII that give provision of a two-thirds vote requirement in changing the rule to be unconstitutional. The filibusters can also be justified by filing for a lawsuit that challenges the rule. The debate for and against filibusters is extremely significant because it will determine the long-term decision on the laws that should be enacted by the senate. The debate is also useful in addressing the efficiency and fairness of the legislative process, as well as democratic rights of minorities and majority groups. References Foner, E. (2006). Give me liberty!: an American history (Seagull ed.). New York: W.W. Norton. Patterson, T. E. (1990). The American democracy. New York: McGraw-Hill. Tocqueville, A. d., Mansfield, H. C., Winthrop, D. (2000). Democracy in America. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.

Rudyard Kipling - The Jungle Book Questions

Rudyard Kipling - 'The Jungle Book' Questions The Jungle Book is a collection of short stories by  Ã¢â‚¬â€¹Ã¢â‚¬â€¹Rudyard Kipling  that has animals as main characters who teach life lessons. One of the famous characters in the fable is Mowgli, a human child who grows up with a pack ​of wolves.   Here are a few questions for study and discussion. Study and Discussion Questions What is important about the title of the collection?What are the conflicts in The Jungle Book? What types of conflict (physical, moral, intellectual, or emotional) did you notice in this collection?How does Rudyard Kipling reveal character in the stories of The Jungle Book?What are some themes? How do they relate to the plots and characters?What are some symbols in the stories of The Jungle Book? How do they relate to the plots and characters?Are the characters consistent in their actions? Which of the characters are fully developed? How? Why?Do you find the characters likable? Would you want to meet any of the characters? Which one(s)? Why?How does Mowglis upbringing affect how his character develops as a human being?Do the stories in this collection meet (or exceed) your expectations? How? Why?What is the central/primary purpose of this collection of stories? Is the purpose important or meaningful?How essential is the setting to the stories? Could the story have taken place anywher e else? How important is friendship and/or camaraderie to The Jungle Book?Compare/contrast The Jungle Book with other works by Rudyard Kipling? How does ​The Jungle Book fit into Kiplings body of works?Would you recommend The Jungle Book to a friend?

The Expansion of Multi-National Corporations in the UK Essay

The Expansion of Multi-National Corporations in the UK - Essay Example This paper illustrates that the role of multinational corporations is perhaps the most critical aspect of evaluation regarding the impacts of the functioning of these corporations in the national systems of the host countries. Though different types of multinational companies choose to enter different economies with distinctive intention like market seeking, efficiency seeking, strategic asset seeking and resource seeking intentions, yet the intensity to which these companies influence the functionalities of the host industries and economies cannot be overlooked. Multinational corporations are recognized as the emerging internationally accepted class of business organizations which have the inherent potential to develop their own organizational field and influence the functioning of industries in the foreign country to a noticeable and recognizable extent. This also includes the major effects of the functioning of the multinational enterprises on the way employment practices and poli cies are conducted, modified and developed in the host countries in which these enterprises operate. Capitalism refers to an economic system in which the industries, trade systems and the means of production are entirely or largely controlled by the privately owned enterprises functioning in the economy. The main features of capitalism may include capital accumulation, private property, wage labor and the development of fully competitive sectors. There are different models and varieties of capitalism based on the role of the government in the country, the intensity of competition in the market, the influence of regulations and interventions on the economy and the scope of private and state ownership in the country. The various forms of capitalism may include welfare capitalism, free market capitalism or laissez-faire capitalism, state capitalism, â€Å"third way† social democracy, crony capitalism, and corporatism. All of these models of capitalism have their unique character istics based on the employment of different degrees of dependency of the market economy, constraints in the way of free capitalism practices, public ownership structures and consideration of the state-sanctioned regulatory and social policies.

For an organization to achieve its business strategy, leadership and Essay

For an organization to achieve its business strategy, leadership and management development is key - Essay Example The roles of both the leaders and managers require training and support so as to make best use of their effectiveness. Leadership and management development involves different practices that are necessary for making the best use of a companys human resource (Storey 2004). Training of employees helps to offer critical skills and information that will catapult an organization to a higher level and compete with other organizations effectively. Leadership and management development is important to businesses because it gives the owners of the business an opportunity to the performance of employees. Training of managers will positively influence employees within a company or business (Fulmer 2007). Leadership and management development enables a business to provide managers with the skills and capability necessary for their respective tasks and make the business succeed. A company that boasts of an effective leadership and management development programs improves the productivity of workers since the programs allow the workers to be motivated. Motivated employees will lead to higher productivity hence the success of the organization. The internal development allows an organization to furnish its employees with the right skills that the organization needs instead of generalizing skills (Fulmer 2007). Employee development helps to retain younger managers who may require an opportunity to grow through training with the organization. Many companies train talented employees on different facets of their jobs, although a section of them may not succeed in providing personal support to the employees. To avoid making such mistakes, managers ought to take a keen interest in the future of their juniors by mentoring them. Young employees need guidance from experienced leaders so as to avoid making mistakes when they must make a decision for the organization. Socialization programs such as offering mentorship can familiarize new leaders with the vision,

Business Law Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words - 2

Business Law - Essay Example it can be specific or general. A general offer is open for more than one person and can be accepted by anyone who is able to accept it validly. In Carlill v Carbolic Smoke Ball Company, the defendant made a product called â€Å"smoke ball† which was a cure for influenza and promised to pay ?100 to anyone who used the product according to the instructions set out by the defendant and got sick with influenza. The defendant used the product and got sick with influenza and claimed ?100 from the defendant. It was held that the defendant was liable. An offer lapses in the event of a counter-offer. When an offer is made by an offeror and the offeree presents his own terms of acceptance, the original offer is revoked. If the original offeror accepts the terms of the offeree, a new contract is formed which is different from the contract that would have formed if the original offer was accepted. A valid acceptance is also essential for a legally binding contract. An acceptance is valid if it is made on the same terms as the offer. The parties to a legally binding contract must agree to the same thing in the same sense. Acceptance must be made when offer is open for acceptance. An acceptance would not be effective if the offeror has revoked his offer. Acceptance must be made by the person to whom the offer was intended and conveyed to the person who made the offer. A person to whom the offer is not open for acceptance cannot accept the offer. The effectiveness of acceptance varies according to the different modes of communication. When both the parties are in an instantaneous interpersonal communication, the acceptance becomes effective when it is received by the offeror. The relevant issue here is of acceptance by email. In communication via email, it is of paramount importance whether the offeror has designated an information system for the purpose of receiving communication. If he has, an acceptance is deemed to have been received when the email reaches the info rmation system. Application of the law A counter-offer revokes the original offer. When Burt said that he would pay $5000 for the bike, he made a counter-offer. Sally’s offer of selling the bike for $6000 was revoked. She made a fresh offer by sending the message that she would sell the bike for $5500 to Burt. Burt rejected this offer. Once the offer was rejected, Burt was not able to accept the offer of purchasing the bike for $5500. Sally also was not able to accept the offer of selling the bike to Burt for $5000 because she had rejected his counter-offer. Therefore, there is no contract between Sally and Burt. When Peter asked for additional information from Sally, he was not accepting her offer to purchase the bike. At that time, the offer was still open for acceptance. Peter also made a counter offer when he asked whether the bike could have been sold for $4000. Sally did not reply Peter for some time and it might reasonably be expected that she was not willing to sell t he bike for $4000 at that time but she did not communicate her intentions to Peter. Peter’s counter-offer was open for acceptance during the business hours which is reasonable time for acceptance. Sally accepted the counter-offer of Peter which would result in a legally binding contract. She replied Peter via email which was sent to an information system that can be deemed to have been designated by Peter because it was the only mode through which

Structure and Features of the Arabic Language

Structure and Features of the Arabic Language The Arabic language is a semantic language with a complicated morphology, which is significantly different from the most popular languages, such as English, Spanish, French, and Chinese. Arabic is an official language in over 22 countries. It is spoken as first language in North Africa (Algeria, Egypt, Libya, Morocco, Tunisia, Sudan), the Arabian Peninsula (Bahrain, Kuwait, Oman, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, United Arab Emirates, Yemen), Middle East (Iraq, Jordan, Lebanon, Syria), and other Arab countries (Mauritania, Comoros, Djibouti, Somalia). Since Arabic is the language of the Quran, the holy book of Islam, it is also spoken as a second language by several Asian countries such as: Indonesia, Pakistan, Iran, Uzbekistan and Malay[52]. More than 422 million people are able to speak Arabic, which makes this language the fifth most spoken language in the world, according to[53]. This chapter give brief description about the relevant basic elements of the Arabic language. This covers Arabic language structure, and the features of the Arabic writing system. The morphology of Arabic language and the Arabic word classes, i. e. nouns, verbs, and particles are presented in this chapter. The Arabic language challenges are also discussed in the last section of this chapter. 2.1.Arabic Language Structure The Arabic language is classified into three forms: Classical Arabic (CA), Colloquial Arabic Dialects (CAD), and Modern Standard Arabic (MSA). CA is fully vowelized and includes classical historical liturgical text and old literature texts. CAD includes predominantly spoken vernaculars, and each Arab country has its dialect. MSA is the official language and includes news, media, and official documents[16]. The direction of writing in the Arabic language is from right to left. The alphabet of the Arabic language consists of 28 as shown in Table 2-1. Table 2‑1: The alphabet of the Arabic language No. Alone Form Transliteration Initial Form Medial Form End Form 1 Ø § a Ø § Ùâ‚ ¬ÃƒËœÃ‚ § Ùâ‚ ¬ÃƒËœÃ‚ § 2 Ø ¨ b Ø ¨Ãƒâ„¢Ã¢â€š ¬ Ùâ‚ ¬ÃƒËœÃ‚ ¨Ãƒâ„¢Ã¢â€š ¬ Ùâ‚ ¬ÃƒËœÃ‚ ¨ 3 Ø ª t Ø ªÃƒâ„¢Ã¢â€š ¬ Ùâ‚ ¬ÃƒËœÃ‚ ªÃƒâ„¢Ã¢â€š ¬ Ùâ‚ ¬ÃƒËœÃ‚ ª 4 Ø « th Ø «Ãƒâ„¢Ã¢â€š ¬ Ùâ‚ ¬ÃƒËœÃ‚ «Ãƒâ„¢Ã¢â€š ¬ Ùâ‚ ¬ÃƒËœÃ‚ « 5 Ø ¬ j Ø ¬Ãƒâ„¢Ã¢â€š ¬ Ùâ‚ ¬ÃƒËœÃ‚ ¬Ãƒâ„¢Ã¢â€š ¬ Ùâ‚ ¬ÃƒËœÃ‚ ¬ 6 Ø ­ h Ø ­Ãƒâ„¢Ã¢â€š ¬ Ùâ‚ ¬ÃƒËœÃ‚ ­Ãƒâ„¢Ã¢â€š ¬ Ùâ‚ ¬ÃƒËœÃ‚ ­ 7 Ø ® kh Ø ®Ãƒâ„¢Ã¢â€š ¬ Ùâ‚ ¬ÃƒËœÃ‚ ®Ãƒâ„¢Ã¢â€š ¬ Ùâ‚ ¬ÃƒËœÃ‚ ® 8 Ø ¯ d Ø ¯ Ùâ‚ ¬ÃƒËœÃ‚ ¯ Ùâ‚ ¬ÃƒËœÃ‚ ¯ 9 Ø ° th Ø ° Ùâ‚ ¬ÃƒËœÃ‚ ° Ùâ‚ ¬ÃƒËœÃ‚ ° 10 Ø ± r Ø ± Ùâ‚ ¬ÃƒËœÃ‚ ± Ùâ‚ ¬ÃƒËœÃ‚ ± 11 Ø ² z Ø ² Ùâ‚ ¬ÃƒËœÃ‚ ² Ùâ‚ ¬ÃƒËœÃ‚ ² 12 Ø ³ s Ø ³Ãƒâ„¢Ã¢â€š ¬ Ùâ‚ ¬ÃƒËœÃ‚ ³Ãƒâ„¢Ã¢â€š ¬ Ùâ‚ ¬ÃƒËœÃ‚ ³ 13 Ø ´ sh Ø ´Ãƒâ„¢Ã¢â€š ¬ Ùâ‚ ¬ÃƒËœÃ‚ ´Ãƒâ„¢Ã¢â€š ¬ Ùâ‚ ¬ÃƒËœÃ‚ ´ 14 Ø µ s Ø µÃƒâ„¢Ã¢â€š ¬ Ùâ‚ ¬ÃƒËœÃ‚ µÃƒâ„¢Ã¢â€š ¬ Ùâ‚ ¬ÃƒËœÃ‚ µ 15 Ø ¶ tha Ø ¶Ãƒâ„¢Ã¢â€š ¬ Ùâ‚ ¬ÃƒËœÃ‚ ¶Ãƒâ„¢Ã¢â€š ¬ Ùâ‚ ¬ÃƒËœÃ‚ ¶ 16 Ø · ta Ø ·Ãƒâ„¢Ã¢â€š ¬ Ùâ‚ ¬ÃƒËœÃ‚ ·Ãƒâ„¢Ã¢â€š ¬ Ùâ‚ ¬ÃƒËœÃ‚ · 17 Ø ¸ tha Ø ¸Ãƒâ„¢Ã¢â€š ¬ Ùâ‚ ¬ÃƒËœÃ‚ ¸Ãƒâ„¢Ã¢â€š ¬ Ùâ‚ ¬ÃƒËœÃ‚ ¸ 18 Ø ¹ aa Ø ¹Ãƒâ„¢Ã¢â€š ¬ Ùâ‚ ¬ÃƒËœÃ‚ ¹Ãƒâ„¢Ã¢â€š ¬ Ùâ‚ ¬ÃƒËœÃ‚ ¹ 19 Ø º gh Ø ºÃƒâ„¢Ã¢â€š ¬ Ùâ‚ ¬ÃƒËœÃ‚ ºÃƒâ„¢Ã¢â€š ¬ Ùâ‚ ¬ÃƒËœÃ‚ º 20 Ù  f Ù Ãƒâ„¢Ã¢â€š ¬ Ùâ‚ ¬Ãƒâ„¢Ã‚ Ãƒâ„¢Ã¢â€š ¬ Ùâ‚ ¬Ãƒâ„¢Ã‚  21 Ù‚ q Ù‚Ùâ‚ ¬ Ùâ‚ ¬Ãƒâ„¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ãƒâ„¢Ã¢â€š ¬ Ùâ‚ ¬Ãƒâ„¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡ 22 Ùƒ k ÙƒÙâ‚ ¬ Ùâ‚ ¬Ãƒâ„¢Ã†â€™Ãƒâ„¢Ã¢â€š ¬ Ùâ‚ ¬Ãƒâ„¢Ã†â€™ 23 Ù„ l Ù„Ùâ‚ ¬ Ùâ‚ ¬Ãƒâ„¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¾Ãƒâ„¢Ã¢â€š ¬ Ùâ‚ ¬Ãƒâ„¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¾ 24 Ù†¦ m Ù†¦Ãƒâ„¢Ã¢â€š ¬ Ùâ‚ ¬Ãƒâ„¢Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ãƒâ„¢Ã¢â€š ¬ Ùâ‚ ¬Ãƒâ„¢Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ 25 Ù†  n Ù† Ãƒâ„¢Ã¢â€š ¬ Ùâ‚ ¬Ãƒâ„¢Ã¢â‚¬  Ãƒâ„¢Ã¢â€š ¬ Ùâ‚ ¬Ãƒâ„¢Ã¢â‚¬   26 Ù†¡Ãƒâ„¢Ã¢â€š ¬ h Ù†¡Ãƒâ„¢Ã¢â€š ¬ Ùâ‚ ¬Ãƒâ„¢Ã¢â‚¬ ¡Ãƒâ„¢Ã¢â€š ¬ Ùâ‚ ¬Ãƒâ„¢Ã¢â‚¬ ¡ 27 Ùˆ w Ùˆ Ùâ‚ ¬Ãƒâ„¢Ã‹â€  Ùâ‚ ¬Ãƒâ„¢Ã‹â€  28 ÙÅ   y ÙÅ  Ãƒâ„¢Ã¢â€š ¬ Ùâ‚ ¬Ãƒâ„¢Ã…  Ãƒâ„¢Ã¢â€š ¬ Ùâ‚ ¬Ãƒâ„¢Ã…   The formulation and shape are different for the same letter, depending on its position within the word [24]. For example, the letter (Ø ¹) has the following styles: (Ø ¹Ãƒâ„¢Ã¢â€š ¬), if this letter appears at the beginning of the word, such as in Ø ¹ÃƒËœÃ‚ §Ãƒâ„¢Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ that means general; (Ùâ‚ ¬ÃƒËœÃ‚ ¹Ãƒâ„¢Ã¢â€š ¬), if this letter appears in the middle of the word, such as in ÙÅ  ÃƒËœÃ‚ ¹ÃƒËœÃ‚ ±Ãƒâ„¢Ã‚  that means know; (Ùâ‚ ¬ÃƒËœÃ‚ ¹), if this letter appears at the end of the word, such as in ÙÅ  ÃƒËœÃ‚ ³Ãƒâ„¢Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ÃƒËœÃ‚ ¹ that means hear. Finally, the letter (Ø ¹) can appear as (Ø ¹) if this letter appears at the end of a word but disconnected from the letter before it such as in Ø ³ÃƒËœÃ‚ ±ÃƒËœÃ‚ ¹ that means fast see Figure (2-1). Figure 2-1: The Formulation and Shape for the Same Letter Thus, a three-letter word may start with a letter in beginning form, followed by a letter in medial form and, finally, by a letter in an end form such as: [Ø ¹Ãƒâ„¢Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ãƒâ„¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¾] Instead of: [Ø ¹ Ù†¦ Ù„] But the reality is even worse since a letter, in the middle of a word, may have the final or the initial form as in [Ù ÃƒËœÃ‚ ±ÃƒËœÃ‚ ³] Because some letters do not connect with any character that comes after. They have only two forms: isolated (which is also used as initial) and final (also used as middle). These letters are (Ø ¯ÃƒËœÃ…’ Ø °ÃƒËœÃ…’ Ø ±ÃƒËœÃ…’ Ø ²ÃƒËœÃ…’ Ùˆ) for example: [وؠ±ÃƒËœÃ‚ ¯ÃƒËœÃ‚ ©] For the purpose of this thesis, we have defined our own transliteration scheme for Arabic alphabets, which is presented in Table 2.1. Each Arabic letter in this scheme is mapped to only one English letter. Wherever in this thesis, any Arabic word is annotated as a triple attribute to be more clear for a non-Arabic reader. The first attribute for the Arabic word itself which is written in Arabic scripts between two square brackets, the second attribute for an English transliteration which is written in italics, while the third one for English translation which is written between two quotation marks. Figure 2-2 shows an example. Figure 2-2: An Example of Annotated Arabic Word Three letters from the twenty-eight letters appear in different shapes, which are they: Hamza [Ø ¡]: This shape can be: on Alef [Ø £], below Alef [Ø ¥], on Waaw [Ø ¤], on Alef Maqsura [Ø ¦], or isolated [Ø ¡]. Taa-Marbuta [Ø ©]: This is a special form of the letter [Ø ª], it always appears at the end of the word. Alef-Maqsura [Ù†°]: This is a special form of the letter [Ø §], it always appears at the end of the word. The above three letters pose some difficulties when building morphological systems. Many of the written Arabic texts and Arabic web sites ignore the Hamza and the two dots above the Taa-Marbuta. For example, the Arabic word [Ù†¦ÃƒËœÃ‚ ¯ÃƒËœÃ‚ ±ÃƒËœÃ‚ ³ÃƒËœÃ‚ ©] (mdrst, school) may appear in many texts as [Ù†¦ÃƒËœÃ‚ ¯ÃƒËœÃ‚ ±ÃƒËœÃ‚ ³Ãƒâ„¢Ã¢â‚¬ ¡] (mdrsh) (which means school or his teacher) without two dots above the last letter. When comparing the last letter in the two previous words, we found it was [Ø ©] in the first word, while it was [Ù†¡Ãƒâ„¢Ã¢â€š ¬] in the second word. Twenty-five of Arabic alphabets represent consonants. The remaining three letters represent the weak letters or the long vowels of Arabic (shortly vowels). These letters are: Alef[Ø §], Waaw[Ùˆ] and Yaa[ÙÅ  ].   Moreover, diacritics are used in the Arabic language, which are symbols placed above or below the letters to add distinct pronunciation, grammatical formulation, and sometimes another meaning to the whole word. Arabic diacritics include, dama (Ù ), fathah (ÙÅ ½), kasra (Ù ), sukon (Ù’), double dama (ÙŒ), double fathah (Ù†¹), double kasra (Ù ) [54]. For instance, Table 2-2 presents different pronunciations of the letter (Sad) ((Ø µ: Table 2‑2: Presents different pronunciations of the letter (Sad) (Ø µ) Ø µÃƒâ„¢Ã¢â‚¬â„¢ Ø µÃƒâ„¢Ã…’ Ø µÃƒâ„¢Ã‚  Ø µÃƒâ„¢Ã¢â‚¬ ¹ Ø µÃƒâ„¢Ã‚  Ø µÃƒâ„¢Ã… ½ Ø µÃƒâ„¢Ã‚  /s/ /sun/ /sin/ /san/ /si/ /sa/ /su/ In addition, Arabic has special mark rather than the previous diacritics. this mark is called gemination mark (shaddah (Ø ´ÃƒËœÃ‚ ¯ÃƒËœÃ‚ ©) or tashdeed). Gemination is a mark written above the letter (Ùâ‚ ¬Ãƒâ„¢Ã¢â‚¬Ëœ) to indicate a doubled consonant while pronouncing it. This is done when the first consonant has the null diacritical mark skoon (Ùâ‚ ¬Ãƒâ„¢Ã¢â‚¬â„¢), and the second consonant has any other diacritical mark. For example, in the Arabic word (كؠ³Ãƒâ„¢Ã¢â‚¬â„¢ÃƒËœÃ‚ ³Ãƒâ„¢Ã… ½ÃƒËœÃ‚ ±) (kssr, he smashed to pieces), when the first syllable ends with (Ø ³)(s) and the next starts with (Ø ³) (s), the two consonants are united and the gemination mark indicates this union. So, the previous word is written as (كؠ³Ãƒâ„¢Ã¢â‚¬ËœÃƒËœÃ‚ ±), and it has four letters {Ùƒ Ø ³ Ø ³ Ø ±}[55]. The Arabic language has two genders, feminine (Ù†¦ÃƒËœÃ‚ ¤Ãƒâ„¢Ã¢â‚¬  ÃƒËœÃ‚ «) and masculine (Ù†¦ÃƒËœÃ‚ °Ãƒâ„¢Ã†â€™ÃƒËœÃ‚ ±); three numbers, singular (Ù†¦Ãƒâ„¢Ã‚ ÃƒËœÃ‚ ±ÃƒËœÃ‚ ¯), dual (Ù†¦ÃƒËœÃ‚ «Ãƒâ„¢Ã¢â‚¬  Ãƒâ„¢Ã¢â‚¬ °), and plural (Ø ¬Ãƒâ„¢Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ÃƒËœÃ‚ ¹); and three grammatical cases, nominative (Ø §Ãƒâ„¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¾ÃƒËœÃ‚ ±Ãƒâ„¢Ã‚ ÃƒËœÃ‚ ¹), accusative (Ø §Ãƒâ„¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¾Ãƒâ„¢Ã¢â‚¬  ÃƒËœÃ‚ µÃƒËœÃ‚ ¨), and genitive (Ø §Ãƒâ„¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¾ÃƒËœÃ‚ ¬ÃƒËœÃ‚ ±). In general, Arabic words are categorized as particles (Ø §ÃƒËœÃ‚ ¯Ãƒâ„¢Ã‹â€ ÃƒËœÃ‚ §ÃƒËœÃ‚ ª), nouns (Ø §ÃƒËœÃ‚ ³Ãƒâ„¢Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ÃƒËœÃ‚ §ÃƒËœÃ‚ ¡), or verbs (Ø §Ãƒâ„¢Ã‚ ÃƒËœÃ‚ ¹ÃƒËœÃ‚ §Ãƒâ„¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¾). Nouns in Arabic including adjectives (Ø µÃƒâ„¢Ã‚ ÃƒËœÃ‚ §ÃƒËœÃ‚ ª) and adverbs (Ø ¸ÃƒËœÃ‚ ±Ãƒâ„¢Ã‹â€ Ãƒâ„¢Ã‚ ) and can be derived from other nouns, verbs, or particles. Nouns in the Arabic language cover proper nouns (such as people, places, things, ideas, day an d month names, etc.). A noun has the nominative case when it is the subject (Ù ÃƒËœÃ‚ §ÃƒËœÃ‚ ¹Ãƒâ„¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¾); accusative when it is the object of a verb (Ù†¦Ãƒâ„¢Ã‚ ÃƒËœÃ‚ ¹Ãƒâ„¢Ã‹â€ Ãƒâ„¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¾) and the genitive when it is the object of a preposition (Ù†¦ÃƒËœÃ‚ ¬ÃƒËœÃ‚ ±Ãƒâ„¢Ã‹â€ ÃƒËœÃ‚ ± Ø ¨ÃƒËœÃ‚ ­ÃƒËœÃ‚ ±Ãƒâ„¢Ã‚  Ø ¬ÃƒËœÃ‚ ±) [56]. Verbs in Arabic are divided into perfect (Ø µÃƒâ„¢Ã…  ÃƒËœÃ‚ ºÃƒËœÃ‚ © Ø §Ãƒâ„¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¾Ãƒâ„¢Ã‚ ÃƒËœÃ‚ ¹Ãƒâ„¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¾ Ø §Ãƒâ„¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¾ÃƒËœÃ‚ ªÃƒËœÃ‚ §Ãƒâ„¢Ã¢â‚¬ ¦), imperfect (Ø µÃƒâ„¢Ã…  ÃƒËœÃ‚ ºÃƒËœÃ‚ © Ø §Ãƒâ„¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¾Ãƒâ„¢Ã‚  Ø §Ãƒâ„¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¾Ãƒâ„¢Ã¢â‚¬  ÃƒËœÃ‚ §Ãƒâ„¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡ÃƒËœÃ‚ µ) and imperative (Ø µÃƒâ„¢Ã…  ÃƒËœÃ‚ ºÃƒËœÃ‚ © Ø §Ãƒâ„¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¾ÃƒËœÃ‚ §Ãƒâ„¢Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ÃƒËœÃ‚ ±). Arabic particle category includes pronouns(Ø §Ãƒâ„¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¾ÃƒËœÃ‚ ¶Ãƒâ„¢Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ÃƒËœÃ‚ §ÃƒËœÃ‚ ¦ÃƒËœÃ‚ ±), adjectives(Ø §Ãƒâ„¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¾ÃƒËœÃ‚ µÃƒâ„¢Ã‚ ÃƒËœÃ‚ §ÃƒËœÃ‚ ª), adverbs(Ø §Ãƒâ„¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¾Ã ƒËœÃ‚ §ÃƒËœÃ‚ ­Ãƒâ„¢Ã‹â€ ÃƒËœÃ‚ §Ãƒâ„¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¾), conjunctions(Ø §Ãƒâ„¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¾ÃƒËœÃ‚ ¹ÃƒËœÃ‚ ·Ãƒâ„¢Ã‚ ), prepositions (Ø ­ÃƒËœÃ‚ ±Ãƒâ„¢Ã‹â€ Ãƒâ„¢Ã‚  Ø §Ãƒâ„¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¾ÃƒËœÃ‚ ¬ÃƒËœÃ‚ ±), interjections (Ø µÃƒâ„¢Ã…  ÃƒËœÃ‚ ºÃƒËœÃ‚ © Ø §Ãƒâ„¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¾ÃƒËœÃ‚ ªÃƒËœÃ‚ ¹ÃƒËœÃ‚ ¬ÃƒËœÃ‚ ¨) and interrogatives (Ø ¹Ãƒâ„¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¾ÃƒËœÃ‚ §Ãƒâ„¢Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ÃƒËœÃ‚ §ÃƒËœÃ‚ ª Ø §Ãƒâ„¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¾ÃƒËœÃ‚ §ÃƒËœÃ‚ ³ÃƒËœÃ‚ ªÃƒâ„¢Ã‚ Ãƒâ„¢Ã¢â‚¬ ¡ÃƒËœÃ‚ §Ãƒâ„¢Ã¢â‚¬ ¦) [57]. 2.2.Arabic Morphology The Arabic language is one of the highly sophisticated natural languages which has a very rich and complicated morphology. Morphology is the part of linguistics that deal with the internal structure and formation processes of words. A morpheme is often defined as the smallest meaningful and significant unit of language, which cannot be broken down into smaller parts[58]. So, for example, the word apple consists of a single morpheme (the morpheme apple), while the word apples consist of two morphemes: the morpheme apple and the morpheme -s (indication of plural). In Arabic language for example, the word (Ø ³ÃƒËœÃ‚ £Ãƒâ„¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¾Ãƒâ„¢Ã¢â‚¬ ¡Ãƒâ„¢Ã¢â‚¬ ¦, he asked them) consists also of two morphemes the verb (Ø ³ÃƒËœÃ‚ £Ãƒâ„¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¾, he ask) and the pronoun (Ù†¡Ãƒâ„¢Ã¢â‚¬ ¦, them). According to the previous examples, there are two types of morphemes: roots and affixes. The root is the main morpheme of the word, supplying the main meaning, while the affixes are added i n the beginning, middle or end of the root to create new words that add additional meaning of various kinds. In more general morphemes could be classified as: (1) roots morphemes and (2) affixes morphemes, Figure 2.3 illustrated this classification. Figure 2-3: Morpheme Classification Root is the original morpheme of the word before any transformation processes that comprises the most important part of the word and cannot be reduced into smaller constituents. In other words, it is the primary unit of the family of the same word after removing all inflectional and derivational affixes which can stand on their own as words (independent words). The root morphemes divided into two categories. The first category is called lexical morphemes, which covers the words in the language carrying the content of the message. Examples from English language: book, compute, and write, while examples from Arabic language: (قؠ±ÃƒËœÃ‚ £, read), (لؠ¹ÃƒËœÃ‚ ¨, play), and (كؠªÃƒËœÃ‚ ¨, write). The second category is called stop words morphemes, which covers the function words in the language. The stop words include adverbs, prepositions, pronouns, conjunctions, and prepositions. Examples from English language: on, that, the, and above. Examples from Arabic language: (Ù Ãƒâ„¢Ã…  , in), (Ù Ãƒâ„¢Ã‹â€ Ãƒâ„¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡, above), and (Ø ªÃƒËœÃ‚ ­ÃƒËœÃ‚ ª, under). Affixes morphemes are also units of meaning; however, they cannot occur as words on their own; they need to be attached to something such as root morphemes. There are three types of affixes in Arabic language: prefixes, infixes, and suffixes. In some cases, all of these affixes can be found in one word as in the word[وؠ§Ãƒâ„¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¾Ãƒâ„¢Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ÃƒËœÃ‚ ­ÃƒËœÃ‚ §ÃƒËœÃ‚ ±ÃƒËœÃ‚ ¨Ãƒâ„¢Ã‹â€ Ãƒâ„¢Ã¢â‚¬  ] (and the warriors). This word has ten letters, three of them are root-letters, while the others are affixes. The root of this word is [Ø ­ÃƒËœÃ‚ ±ÃƒËœÃ‚ ¨] (war). The example in Figure 2.4 can clearly deduce the differences between the three main terms used in computational linguistics: roots, stems and affixes. Figure 2-4: The Decomposition of the Word [وؠ§Ãƒâ„¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¾Ãƒâ„¢Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ÃƒËœÃ‚ ­ÃƒËœÃ‚ §ÃƒËœÃ‚ ±ÃƒËœÃ‚ ¨Ãƒâ„¢Ã‹â€ Ãƒâ„¢Ã¢â‚¬  ]. 2.3.Arabic Language Challenges Arabic is a challenging language in comparison with other languages such as English for a number of reasons:   In English, prefixes and suffixes are added to the beginning or end of the root to create new words. In Arabic, in addition to the prefixes and suffixes there are infixes that can be added inside the word to create new words that have the same meaning. For example, in English, the word write is the root of word writer. In Arabic, the word writer (كؠ§ÃƒËœÃ‚ ªÃƒËœÃ‚ ¨) is derived from the root write (كؠªÃƒËœÃ‚ ¨) by adding the letter Alef (Ø §) inside the root. In these cases, it is difficult to distinguish between infix letters and the root letters. he Arabic language has a rich and complex morphology in comparison with English. Its richness is attributed to the fact that one root can generate several hundreds of words having different meanings. Table 2-4 presents different morphological forms of root study (Ø ¯ÃƒËœÃ‚ ±ÃƒËœÃ‚ ³). Table 2‑3: Different morphological forms of word study (Ø ¯ÃƒËœÃ‚ ±ÃƒËœÃ‚ ³). Word Tense Pluralities Meaning Gender Ø ¯ÃƒËœÃ‚ ±ÃƒËœÃ‚ ³ Past Single He studied Masculine Ø ¯ÃƒËœÃ‚ ±ÃƒËœÃ‚ ³ÃƒËœÃ‚ ª Past Single She studied Feminine ÙÅ  ÃƒËœÃ‚ ¯ÃƒËœÃ‚ ±ÃƒËœÃ‚ ³ Present Single He studies Masculine Ø ªÃƒËœÃ‚ ¯ÃƒËœÃ‚ ±ÃƒËœÃ‚ ³ Present Single She studied Feminine Ø ¯ÃƒËœÃ‚ ±ÃƒËœÃ‚ ³ÃƒËœÃ‚ § Past Dual They studied Masculine Ø ¯ÃƒËœÃ‚ ±ÃƒËœÃ‚ ³ÃƒËœÃ‚ ªÃƒËœÃ‚ § Past Dual They studied Feminine ÙÅ  ÃƒËœÃ‚ ¯ÃƒËœÃ‚ ±ÃƒËœÃ‚ ³ÃƒËœÃ‚ §Ãƒâ„¢Ã¢â‚¬   Present Dual They study Masculine Ø ªÃƒËœÃ‚ ¯ÃƒËœÃ‚ ±ÃƒËœÃ‚ ³ÃƒËœÃ‚ §Ãƒâ„¢Ã¢â‚¬   Present Dual They study Feminine ÙÅ  ÃƒËœÃ‚ ¯ÃƒËœÃ‚ ±ÃƒËœÃ‚ ³ÃƒËœÃ‚ § Present Dual They study Masculine Ø ªÃƒËœÃ‚ ¯ÃƒËœÃ‚ ±ÃƒËœÃ‚ ³ÃƒËœÃ‚ § Present Dual They study Feminine Ø ¯ÃƒËœÃ‚ ±ÃƒËœÃ‚ ³Ãƒâ„¢Ã‹â€ ÃƒËœÃ‚ § Past Plural They studied Masculine Ø ¯ÃƒËœÃ‚ ±ÃƒËœÃ‚ ³Ãƒâ„¢Ã¢â‚¬   Past Plural They studied Feminine Ø ªÃƒËœÃ‚ ¯ÃƒËœÃ‚ ±ÃƒËœÃ‚ ³Ãƒâ„¢Ã¢â‚¬   Present Plural They study Feminine Ø ³Ãƒâ„¢Ã…  ÃƒËœÃ‚ ¯ÃƒËœÃ‚ ±ÃƒËœÃ‚ ³ Future Single They will study Masculine Ø ³ÃƒËœÃ‚ ªÃƒËœÃ‚ ¯ÃƒËœÃ‚ ±ÃƒËœÃ‚ ³ Future Single They will study Feminine Ø ³Ãƒâ„¢Ã…  ÃƒËœÃ‚ ¯ÃƒËœÃ‚ ±ÃƒËœÃ‚ ³ÃƒËœÃ‚ § Future Dual They will study Masculine Ø ³ÃƒËœÃ‚ ªÃƒËœÃ‚ ¯ÃƒËœÃ‚ ±ÃƒËœÃ‚ ³ÃƒËœÃ‚ § Future Dual They will study Feminine Ø ³Ãƒâ„¢Ã…  ÃƒËœÃ‚ ¯ÃƒËœÃ‚ ±ÃƒËœÃ‚ ³Ãƒâ„¢Ã‹â€ Ãƒâ„¢Ã¢â‚¬   Future Plural They will study Masculine Ø ³ÃƒËœÃ‚ ªÃƒËœÃ‚ ¯ÃƒËœÃ‚ ±ÃƒËœÃ‚ ³Ãƒâ„¢Ã‹â€ Ãƒâ„¢Ã¢â‚¬   Future Plural They will study Feminine Some Arabic words have different meanings based on their appearance in the context. Especially when diacritics are not used, the proper meaning of the Arabic word can be determined based on the context. For instance, the word (Ø ¹Ãƒâ„¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¾Ãƒâ„¢Ã¢â‚¬ ¦) could be Science (Ø ¹Ãƒâ„¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¾Ãƒâ„¢Ã¢â‚¬â„¢Ãƒâ„¢Ã¢â‚¬ ¦), Teach (Ø ¹Ãƒâ„¢Ã… ½Ãƒâ„¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¾Ãƒâ„¢Ã¢â‚¬ËœÃƒâ„¢Ã… ½Ãƒâ„¢Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ãƒâ„¢Ã¢â‚¬â„¢) or Flag (Ø ¹Ãƒâ„¢Ã… ½Ãƒâ„¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¾Ãƒâ„¢Ã… ½Ãƒâ„¢Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ãƒâ„¢Ã¢â‚¬â„¢) depending on the diacritics [46]. Unfortunately, Arabic people do not explicitly mention the gemination mark in their writing. They depend on their knowledge of the language to supply the missing letter and write the words without it. In consequence, this is make the morphology process of such words is not an easy task [55]. Another challenge of automatic Arabic text processing is that proper nouns in Arabic do not start with a capital letter as in English, and Arabic letters do not have lower and upper case, which makes identifying proper names, acronyms, and abbreviations difficult. In English language, a word is a single entity. It may be a noun, a verb, a preposition, an article, , etc. While in Arabic language a single word could be a complete sentence. For example, Table 2.4 shows some single Arabic words and their equivalent English translations. Table 2‑4: Example: An Arabic Word could be a Complete English Sentence Arabic Word English Sentences Ø °Ãƒâ„¢Ã¢â‚¬ ¡ÃƒËœÃ‚ ¨ÃƒËœÃ‚ ª She go Ø ³ÃƒËœÃ‚ £Ãƒâ„¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡ÃƒËœÃ‚ ±ÃƒËœÃ‚ £Ãƒâ„¢Ã¢â‚¬ ¡ I will read it Ø ³Ãƒâ„¢Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ÃƒËœÃ‚ ¹Ãƒâ„¢Ã¢â‚¬  ÃƒËœÃ‚ §Ãƒâ„¢Ã¢â‚¬ ¡ We hear him Ø §ÃƒËœÃ‚ ®ÃƒËœÃ‚ ¨ÃƒËœÃ‚ ±Ãƒâ„¢Ã¢â‚¬  Ãƒâ„¢Ã…   He told me Ù ÃƒËœÃ‚ ºÃƒËœÃ‚ §ÃƒËœÃ‚ ¯ÃƒËœÃ‚ ± Then he departed There are several free benchmarking English datasets used for document categorization, such as 20 Newsgroup, which contains around 20,000 documents distributed almost evenly into 20 classes; Reuters 21,578, which contains 21,578 documents belonging to 17 classes; and RCV1 (Reuters Corpus Volume 1), which contains 806,791 documents classified into four main classes. Unfortunately, there is no free benchmarking dataset for Arabic document classification. In the Arabic language, the problem of synonyms and broken plural forms are widespread. Examples of synonyms in Arabic are (Ø ªÃƒâ„¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡ÃƒËœÃ‚ ¯Ãƒâ„¢Ã¢â‚¬ ¦, Ø ªÃƒËœÃ‚ ¹ÃƒËœÃ‚ §Ãƒâ„¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¾, Ø £Ãƒâ„¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡ÃƒËœÃ‚ ¨Ãƒâ„¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¾, Ù†¡Ãƒâ„¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¾Ãƒâ„¢Ã¢â‚¬ ¦) which means (Come), and (Ù†¦Ãƒâ„¢Ã¢â‚¬  ÃƒËœÃ‚ ²Ãƒâ„¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¾, Ø ¯ÃƒËœÃ‚ §ÃƒËœÃ‚ ±, Ø ¨Ãƒâ„¢Ã…  ÃƒËœÃ‚ ª, Ø ³Ãƒâ„¢Ã†â€™Ãƒâ„¢Ã¢â‚¬  ) which means (house). In the Arabic language, the problem of broken plural forms occurs when some irregular nouns in the Arabic language in plural takes another morphological form different from its initial form in singular. For example, the word (Doctors, Ø §ÃƒËœÃ‚ ·ÃƒËœÃ‚ ¨ÃƒËœÃ‚ §ÃƒËœÃ‚ ¡) is a broken plural of the masculine singular (Doctor, Ø ·ÃƒËœÃ‚ ¨Ãƒâ„¢Ã…  ÃƒËœÃ‚ ¨). In the Arabic language, one word may have more than lexical category (noun, verb, adjective, etc.) in different contexts such as (wellspring, Ø ¹Ãƒâ„¢Ã…  Ãƒâ„¢Ã¢â‚¬   Ø §Ãƒâ„¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¾Ãƒâ„¢Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ÃƒËœÃ‚ §ÃƒËœÃ‚ ¡), (Eye, Ø ¹Ãƒâ„¢Ã…  Ãƒâ„¢Ã¢â‚¬   Ø §Ãƒâ„¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¾ÃƒËœÃ‚ §Ãƒâ„¢Ã¢â‚¬  ÃƒËœÃ‚ ³ÃƒËœÃ‚ §Ãƒâ„¢Ã¢â‚¬  ), (was appointed, Ø ¹Ãƒâ„¢Ã…  Ãƒâ„¢Ã¢â‚¬   Ù†¦ÃƒËœÃ‚ ¯Ãƒâ„¢Ã…  ÃƒËœÃ‚ ±ÃƒËœÃ‚ § للØ ´ÃƒËœÃ‚ ±Ãƒâ„¢Ã†â€™Ãƒâ„¢Ã¢â‚¬ ¡). In addition to the different forms of the Arabic word that result from the derivational process, there are some words lack authentic Arabic roots like Arabized words which are translated from other languages, such as (programs, Ø ¨ÃƒËœÃ‚ ±ÃƒËœÃ‚ §Ãƒâ„¢Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ÃƒËœÃ‚ ¬ ), (geography, Ø ¬ÃƒËœÃ‚ ºÃƒËœÃ‚ ±ÃƒËœÃ‚ §Ãƒâ„¢Ã‚ Ãƒâ„¢Ã…  ÃƒËœÃ‚ ©), (internet, Ø §Ãƒâ„¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¾ÃƒËœÃ‚ ¥Ãƒâ„¢Ã¢â‚¬  ÃƒËœÃ‚ ªÃƒËœÃ‚ ±Ãƒâ„¢Ã¢â‚¬  ÃƒËœÃ‚ ª ), etc. or names, places such as (countries, Ø §Ãƒâ„¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¾ÃƒËœÃ‚ ¨Ãƒâ„¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¾ÃƒËœÃ‚ ¯ÃƒËœÃ‚ §Ãƒâ„¢Ã¢â‚¬  ), (cities, Ø §Ãƒâ„¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¾Ãƒâ„¢Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ÃƒËœÃ‚ ¯Ãƒâ„¢Ã¢â‚¬  ), (rivers, Ø §Ãƒâ„¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¾ÃƒËœÃ‚ §Ãƒâ„¢Ã¢â‚¬  Ãƒâ„¢Ã¢â‚¬ ¡ÃƒËœÃ‚ §ÃƒËœÃ‚ ±), (mountains, Ø §Ãƒâ„¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¾ÃƒËœÃ‚ ¬ÃƒËœÃ‚ ¨ÃƒËœÃ‚ §Ãƒâ„¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¾), (deserts, Ø §Ãƒâ„¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¾ÃƒËœÃ‚ µÃƒËœÃ‚ ­ÃƒËœÃ‚ §ÃƒËœÃ‚ ±Ãƒâ„¢Ã¢â‚¬ °), etc. 2.4.Summary Arabic language is an international language belonging to the Semitic languages family (different from Indo-European languages in some respects). The Arabic alphabet consists of twenty-eight letters in addition to some variants of existing letters. Each letter can appear in up to four different shapes, depending on the position of the letter in the Arabic word. Twenty-five of Arabic letters represent consonants. The remaining three letters represent the long vowels of Arabic. The Arabic writing system goes from right to left and most letters in Arabic words are joined together. Arabic has a rich and complex morphology. In many cases, one orthographic word is comprising many semantic and syntactic words. Traditionally there are two types of morphology in Arabic language: roots morphemes and affixes morphemes. The root morphemes divided into two categories. The first category is called lexical morphemes, which covers the words in the language carrying the content of the message. The second category is called stop words morphemes, which covers the function words such as adverbs, prepositions, pronouns, conjunctions, and prepositions. Affixes morphemes cannot occur as words on their own; they need to be attached to something such as root morphemes. There are three types of affixes in Arabic language: prefixes, infixes, and suffixes. All Arabic words could be classified into three main categories according to the part-of-speech: noun, verb, and particle. The noun and verb in Arabic might be further divided according to: number (singular, dual and plural), and case (nominative, genitive and accusative). Arabic. The Arabic language is a challenging language in comparison with other languages and has a complicated morphological structure. Therefore, the Arabic language needs a set of preprocessing routines to be suitable for cl

Maya Angelou Essay example -- essays research papers

Maya Angelou has dedicated her life to end prejudices faced by many black females in the 20th century. As an author, poet, and entertainer, she is known best for her strong portrayal of African-American women. Some of her most outstanding work is the series of autobiographies that she wrote telling about her childhood. Her work has contributed immensely to Americans everywhere. She has also broken many barriers for black women in writing, entertainment, and in film making. Maya Angelou is definitely a positive role model to people everywhere. Maya Angelou has made many contributions through her poetry, writing, songwriting, acting, and film directing. She has written a series of autobiographical books focusing on her childhood until the birth of her own child, ten of which have appeared on the best selling list (â€Å"Biography† 1). The most prestigious of the novels is I Know Why the Caged Bird Sings. This is a very controversial novel dealing with many serious issues including rape and murder. It is her most critically acclaimed work and was nominated for the National Book Award (â€Å"Maya American† 1). She often writes using a female as the strong role model. In addition, she has published many distinguished poems which have received recognition by many people including President Clinton. Her poem â€Å"On the Pulse of Morning† was chosen by President Clinton to be read at the 1993 presidential inauguration. Many of her volumes of poetry have been nominated for the Pulitzer Prize inclu...