Muscle Cross Sectional Area Health And Social Care Essay

Strength has been documented to hold a positive relationship with the cross sectional breadth of the musculus ( Knuttgen, 1976 ) . Those jocks with the ability to bring forth a greater maximum voluntary contraction will hold advantages over rivals during featuring events associated with strength. The neuromuscular system of the human organic structure is by and large the most antiphonal to developing ( McArdle et al, 2001 ) . Muscle is really basic in the manner that it increases with size and strength when being exercised, but will diminish in size and strength when non being trained. When the musculus additions strength, it is normally accompanied by a addition in the size of the musculus, likewise, when a musculus loses strength, it loses musculus size ( Marieb et al, 1999 ) . Although musculus size does impact the strength of the musculus, nervous factors such as motor unit enlisting and the frequence of the stimulation of the motor units are besides of import to strength addition. When a musculus additions in size after long term opposition preparation it is known as chronic hypertrophy. This occurs when structural alterations within the musculus are made due to the addition in size of the bing musculus fibers. This fiber hypertrophy occurs due to an addition in sarcostyles and actin and myosin fibrils, which will let a greater sum of force to be produced due to the greater sum of cross-bridges available, ( McArdle et al, 2001 ) When opposition preparation, the bizarre constituent of preparation is of import in seeking to enable the maximal addition in the cross sectional country of each musculus fiber. It is good documented that greater hypertrophy can be gained from merely utilizing bizarre contractions, in comparing to concentric contraction preparation, or a combination of both homocentric and bizarre contraction preparation ( Higbie et al, 1996 ) . An bizarre contraction occurs when the opposition applied to the musculus exceeds the musculus force, hence intending the musculus would lengthen, while staying under tenseness ( McArdle et al, 2001 ) . The absorbing action of the manus uses isometric contractions of the forearm to bring forth the tight clasp. An isometric contraction is when a musculus generates a force despite the deficiency of noticeable prolongation of shortening of the musculus ( McArdle et al, 2001 ) . The articulations of the manus do non travel, nevertheless, the manus could bring forth sufficient force, so as to non drop the object. The purpose of this paper was to analyze the effects of the cross sectional country of the forearm, on the maximum voluntary contraction of the manus executing a absorbing action in male topics. Based on old research it was hypothesised that there will be a positive correlativity between the maximum voluntary contraction of the manus and the cross sectional country of the forearm in males. Method Thirty seven healthy, male voluntaries ( Aged 20 +/- 3years, Height 1.7meters +/- 0.2meters ) participated in a survey, all were pupils. First, all topics had their forearm cross sectional country recorded. This was done by mensurating the subjectaa‚ ¬a„?s largest country of the forearm utilizing a tape step. The perimeter of the forearm was so used to work out the radius, utilizing the equation C = 2Pi r. Once the radius of the forearm was recorded, this figure was so used to work out the cross-sectional country of the forearm utilizing the equation 2pi2. Each topic performed three, maximum voluntary contractions, gripping the digital ergometer utilizing their right manus, while their forearm would be perpendicular to their organic structure. When the topic felt they had reached their maximal contraction, they would allow travel of the ergometer. Forty-five seconds remainder was given to the topics between each test. Out of the three figures produced by the ergometer, the highest figure was recorded to be analysed ( see appendix 1 ) Data was analysed utilizing a goodness of fit value, and was tested for significance utilizing a studentaa‚ ¬a„?s t trial. Consequences The information shows a little positive correlativity between the cross sectional country of the forearm, and the maximum voluntary contraction of the manus ( R2 = 0.0334 ) . T-tests on the information gathered, concluded that the forearm cross sectional country did non hold a important impact on the MVC recording ( p=0.180 ) .Figure 1 illustrates the information collected.Figure 1. Exemplifying the relationship between forearm cross sectional country, and the maximum voluntary contraction during the hand-grip motionDiscussion The preset survey shows that although there was a little positive correlativity between strength and the cross sectional country for male topics, there was besides a considerable sum of incompatibility between persons. However, the informations gathered was non statistically important when analysed utilizing t-tests. Studies into the relationship between cross sectional country and the maximum voluntary contraction have produced contradictory consequences. Maughan et Al ( 1983 ) besides found that there was a positive correlativity between cross sectional country and the maximum voluntary contraction, but likewise to the present survey, there consequences showed a really high degree of variableness. In the present survey, there is an anomalousness, where one of the topics with the smallest transverse sectional country, was able to bring forth one of the highest maximum voluntary contractions, and likewise, how the largest cross sectional country measured, produced a comparatively wea k contraction in comparing. This could be explained by taking into consideration the single differences of the topics. When mensurating cross sectional country of the forearm, this was done merely by mensurating the perimeter of the widest portion of the forearm. This would therefore take into history any fat tissue environing the musculus, which would differ from each topic. As it is merely the skeletal musculus which is bring forthing the contraction which is being measured, the fatso tissue which has non been accounted for is impacting the information. Another consideration would be the single difference in the physique up of the musculus between the different topics. The musculuss of the human organic structure are composed of a varied ratio of the two chief types of musculus fibers, each holding different contractile features ( Brooke & A ; Kaiser, 1970 ) . Athletes that participate in endurance activity have been shown to hold predominately type I muscle fibers, in comparing to rush and strength jocks with tend to hold largely type II fibers ( Saltin et al 1977 ) . It has been documented that there is a positive correlativity between the strength of the musculus and the proportion of type II musculus fibers present within the on the job musculus, Tesch & A ; Karlsson ( 1978 ) . This would bespeak that the strength of the type II musculus fibers was greater than that of the Type I muscle fibre, and this would in bend reflect the maximum voluntary contraction that could be produced by each topic. This is supported by a study by Bu rke Edgerton ( 1975 ) , & A ; who agreed that musculuss with a higher proportion of type II musculus fibers could bring forth a greater isometric contraction than musculus with a composing of chiefly type I fibres. In footings of associating the consequences of the Tesch & A ; Karlsson survey to the present one, their survey had no comparing to the cross sectional country of the on the job musculus, and hence no comparing would be able to be drawn against the information in this survey. The motive of the topics to work at an absolute maximum degree may hold besides impacted upon the truth of the consequences. It was hypothesised that there will be a positive correlativity between the maximum voluntary contraction of the manus and the cross sectional country of the forearm in males. The survey found that although there was a little positive correlativity, the information was undistinguished, and could non be drawn upon to do a concluding decision. One decision drawn from this survey is that there was a considerable degree of discrepancy in the subjectsaa‚ ¬a„? maximum voluntary contraction, with some of the smaller cross sectional countries, bring forthing some of the highest voluntary contractions. This could be due to the manner in which we measured the forearm cross sectional country, taking into history fatty tissue, or could besides come down to the single difference in musculus fiber types, reflecting the ability of the musculus to bring forth a higher contraction than others. Word Count aa‚ ¬ † 1357 Appendix 1CapableAge ( Old ages )Height ( centimeter )Computer Dynamometer: MVC ( millivolt )Forearm cross sectional country ( cm2 )1 20 182 11.32 71.3 2 22 174 10.697 62.4 3 20 163 11 27 4 20 187 16.7 30.5 5 20 177 13.2 63.8 6 19 177 13.5 64.7 7 19 186 14.7 55.91 8 20 179 14.5 69.29 9 19 166 12.5 48.17 10 20 174 15.6 40.69 11 23 179 14.649 62.4 12 18 185 8.83 53.818 13 18 176.5 14.105 67.42 14 19 176 11.34 62.44 15 19 186 15.263 66.92 16 20 186 13.36 76.57 17 19 175 9.536 63.585 18 19 176 17.95 67.02 19 20 176 14.8 81.67 20 19 186 12.911 58 21 19 178 14.181 62.5 22 18 176 16.81 67.02 23 19 176 11.2 62.44 24 19 176 13 62.44 25 19 187 12.1 86.7 26 19 186.5 17.775 68.7 27 19 180 16.05 86.35 28 19 170 15.562 55.38 29 19 173 12.432 49.73 30 19 176 13.468 53.818 31 19 167 12.576 57.38 32 21 177 10.864 49.74 33 18 180 11.97 49.74 34 19 178 10.57 55.91 35 19 175 11.3 54 36 18 181 14.6 62.31 37 19 178 12.8 49.7 Mean 19.32432 177.8648649 13.34376 60.20165 South dakota 1.028863 5.859048852 2.231944 12.69697 Minute 18 163 8.83 27 Soap 23 187 17.95 86.7

Marketing Caselet Essay

Chapter 1: Marketing an Introduction Inquirer is the leading broadsheet in the Philippines. In 2001, it launched Libre, a free tabloid distributed in the MRT-LRT area. It was an unprecedented move of a major daily giving away their newspaper on weekdays and recovering cost solely from advertising revenue. Visit the MRT-LRT site and discuss and explain your answers to the following: a. What was the underserved and unserved market Inquirer was trying to tap? b. How strategic is the underserved and unserved market to them? c. What are the other key activity changes of the Libre system vs. the traditional Inquirer system? Chapter 2: Market Segmentation Victoria Court Drive-in Hotel and Restaurant is a chain of full-service motels catering mostly to the upper income market segment. The traditional market for drive-in-hotels and motels are lovers who avail of one out of the many specially designed â€Å"theme† rooms (Japanese room, jungle room, oval office room, game room etc.) for three hours (now called wash-up time). In the early 1990’s, Victoria Court embarked on an aggressive campaign to attract two additional segments of the market: the husband and wife market and the party market. Their mission was to slowly transform their image by communicating to the public that their drive-in-hotels could be used predominantly for legitimate purposes such as for resting, or for group social occasions. They have also acquired Hotel La Corona affiliated with the Best Western international hotel group. a. Identify the needs and wants of each of the three market segments targeted by Victoria Court? b. Who are their main competitors for each market segment? c. Given the traditional image of motel, do you agree with the segmentation strategy utilized by the Victoria Court group? Why or why not? Chapter 3: Marketing Mix: The 4Ps of Marketing gohotels.ph, a property of Robinson’s Land, began test marketing its value hotel in May 2010 at its building along Edsa beside Robinson’s Pioneer  Street. It has about 200 rooms in the Edsa site but has chosen to have 60 to 100 rooms in each of their subsequent sites in the provincial areas. Its pricing is unique because it utilizes the revenue management model of the airline industry where prices would vary depending on demand, in this case, occupancy numbers. Thus, a 16 to 22 square meter room can command a price as low as P388 plus value added tax (VAT), or as high as P3000 plus VAT, averaging about P1,550 plus Vat per room boasts of a comfortable bed with two types of pillows (hypoallergenic and chiropractic), a clean private bathroom with rain shower, free wifi, LCD TV, convenient location with safe surroundings secured by CCTV and safety cabinet. On its first month of its test market and despite using mostly viral marketing and press write ups to create awarenes s, it experienced an occupancy rate higher than most hotels – 60 to 80% on most days with two of those days fully booked, thus creating an innovative business model in the hotel industry with new basis of competition. a. Who would be the target market attracted to the offer of gohotels.ph? b. Identify the marketing mix of gohotels.ph and compare it with other value hotels. What are their strengths and weaknesses? c. How could gohotels.ph offer an amazingly low price as low as P388 plus VAT per room night? Chapter 4: Product Strategy: Product In the fast food industry, one growth opportunity in the past was the introduction of the breakfast category. Fast food companies like Jollibee and McDonald’s would have a different menu for breakfast and lunch to â€Å"customize† its meal solution, during these two different meal times. However, lunch and dinner menu remains the same. a. Do consumers have the same or different dine-in behavior during lunch and dinner? b. If not the same, identify the difference. c. What would you recommend to the fast food companies in order to improve their dinner sales and seat capacity usage? Chapter 4: Product Strategy: Branding Starbucks is a popular hangout for Gen X and Yuppies. Despite selling coffee  and other baked products at higher prices than regular food stores, they were able to generate awareness and patronage thru word of mouth and publicity instead of relying on media advertising. In 2010, Starbucks in the USA tested then â€Å"Roy’s Street Coffee and Tea by Starbucks Corporation†, an innovative neighborhood coffee house that sells coffee, wine and beer, together with organic pastries, gourmet cheese and meat plates. This was an attempt to recapture the upscale market which they lost when it went mainstream with cheaper lattes and frappuccinos that are now by Starbucks is the 15th Avenue Coffee and Tea. Both stores are located in Seattle which is the headquarters of Starbucks. a. Where do you think Starbucks Corporation got the insight to offer these products under two newly branded stores and not in their regular Starbucks? b. If the â€Å"Roy’s Street† and â€Å"15th Avenue† coffee shops succeed, what is the implication to the Starbucks brand and its over 16,000 stores worldwide, including the Philippines? Chapter 4: Product Strategy: Managing Product Lines During the 2010 annual stockholders meeting of San Miguel Brewery, it was reported that while the per capital consumption of beer in Luzon is 40 liters per year, it is only liters annually in the Visayas and Mindanao region. San Miguel Brewery, already with about 96% market shares of the total beer industry as of 2010, wanted to expand annual sales from 1.5 billion liters to 2 billion liters by encouraging higher consumption in the Visayas and Mindanao are its various beer brands. a. Investigate why Visayas and Mindanao consumption of beer is lagging far behind its Luzon counterpart. b. How can San Miguel Brewery use its various beer products to encourage higher consumption among underserved and unserved market in the Visayas and Mindanao area? c. How can San Miguel Brewery use its potential synergy with all its sister companies to increase beer demand in the Visayas and Mindanao area? Chapter 4: Product Strategy: Green Marketing Although having no nutritional value, Shark’s fin soup is a popular and much  sought-after dish served in many Chinese restaurants. Shark’s fin dumplings are an equally popular dimsum item. Hong Kong, Taiwan and Singapore are the top three countries that trade shark fins and are the suppliers for Philippine Chinese restaurants. Each fin weighs about 100kg. coming from sharks that are about 50 to 60 meters long. Some fishermen would capture sharks, slice their fins off and toss them back to sea to die so they can save space on their boat. More countries are banning the fishing and trading of shark’s fin. However, unless the trade of shark fin is totally stopped, sharks may become extinct, thus creating an imbalance in the ecosystem. To preserve sharks, one way is to encourage government to ban its trade. Another is to encourage restaurants not to serve them, and lastly, to campaign for customers not to consume them. All three options while challenging to do is not impossible if the readers of this book can do something individually or collectively about it. The essence of learning is not in knowing but in doing what needs to be done based on what we know. Devise and implement a campaign that will ensure the slow down if not absolutely stop shark’s fin trade and consumption in the Philippines.

women in Pompeii essays

women in Pompeii essays The ancient city of Pompeii is best known for being covered by an erupting volcano and being almost forgotten. From the time the city was rediscovered in the 1700s scientists and archeologists have managed to piece together evidence to show not just how people died but how they lived. We now know that before the eruption of Mt Vesuvius on August 24 79 AD Pompeii was a resort town. From the remains of Pompeii scholars have deducted the socioeconomic, religious and political life of Pompeiis last inhabitants. Pompeii was a city where women declared themselves the equal of men. Women could own land, operate businesses, be priestesses and were often educated. Despite these "equalities" Pompeiian women were still mostly "owned" by men and from birth knew their position. New born boys were placed at the fathers feet while newborn girls were given straight to the nurse. Most girls were bought up by their mothers at home learning weaving and other domestic skills. Upper-class girls however were taught to read and write either at school or at home by slave tutors. It was believed by some that educated women made better wives and mothers. Literacy amongst the upper class (both women and men) was a symbol of status and respect. One of the most famous Pompeiian artifacts the fresco of the merchant Terentius Neo and his wife, depicts her holding a wax tablet and a stylus. Girls were considered grown up by the age of 14 when marriages were usually arranged by their family with the objective of uniting "good" families. At this time a woman would leave her fathers ownership and become the property of her husband. As many women as possible were kept married and bearing children. Women were expected to be married by the age of 20 and it was law to remarry after the death of ones husband. As at this time in Roman history there were fewer females than males so women could marry and remarry with ease. A woman...

What Happened in Enron Essay Example

What Happened in Enron Essay Example What Happened in Enron Paper What Happened in Enron Paper What happened In Enron and Arthur Andersen? United States seventh largest company Enron, with the slogan Ask Why was admired for Its innovation, but it all ended up In bankruptcy and criminal matters. The company filed for bankruptcy in December 2001. This was one of the worlds biggest corporate scandals In history. Aquas seventh largest firm had In over sixteen years increased its assets from 10 billion to 70 billion US. Dollars, and was by the stock market analysts from Wall Street hailed as the new economy model. Five years in a row, readers of Fortune magazine appointed Enron as The most innovative company in America. The companys director and founder (in 1985) was Kenneth Lay, who was the future business Idol. In his holidays, he played golf with former President Clinton while he made Enron the largest contributor to George W. Bushs career as Texas governor, and not least as U. S. President. As a former employee of the now defunct U. S. Deader energy commission, Acting Deputy Minister of Energy compared the Interior and economist for the Pentagon during the Vietnam War had Lay conditions for developing Its business In light of a lattice concept: aggressive deregulation, the removal of all regulatory and legal obstacles for appropriation and monopoly profits. Enron was dealing with natural gas. As oil prices fell during the ass, and natural gas (which had flourished in the wake of the oil crisis) was again threatened by falling oil prices, Lay found out that deregulation was the answer. Large customers would no longer be bound by agreements with local, often public energy facilities, but could buy directly from producers, which in turn should have access to the pipe and conduit systems. Public monopolies were broken. Lay went directly to the Federal Energy Regulatory Commission (FARCE) and got the rules repealed. The result was more volatile energy prices. Now, Lay got his most innovative idea: to make natural gas and energy commodities in line with all other mass production. Natural gas was now controlled by electricity supply and the electricity market was deregulated to a large wholesale market. Lay went directly to the U. S. Congress, and Congress changed the rules. In 1994 Enron began trading with electricity next to the natural gas, where It became the largest supplier in the U. S. And in England. In 1997 it was also Americas largest electricity trading, as did the rear of public electricity companies, as the federal SPA. The U. S. Energy deregulation model became a global model. In country after country it was being Introduced. In 2001 , ten company only Ana 24 cays to go Dandruff Ana turned out to consist AT hot air. Investors lost everything. 20,000 employees lost their Jobs, health insurance and retirement savings, while managers such as Ken Lay and Jeffrey Killing walked out with nearly one billion U. S. Dollars. The senior people in the company had earned nearly 1 billion U. S. Dollars from the sale of company shares over the last two years. The founder and leader of the firm, Kenneth Lay, earned 123 million U. S. Lars in 2000 and 25 million in 2001 and then sold his Enron shares before the collapse and had a great profit out of it. At the same time he urged employees to buy shares, which would soon prove to be worthless, while he told them third quarter looks to be super, and predicted that its value would increase by 800% or more in Over the next decade. Employees would not touch the shares they had in the company, and many whose retirement savings we re ever $ 1 million worth in August 2001, were left with a life savings of only $ 4000 at Christmas 2,001 the. Many companies are working hard to develop a corporate culture and employee loyalty. This was obviously not the case with Enron. Thousands of workers ended up with an empty bank account and an uncertain future, this was the only reward for believing that they were part of a team. It is these experiences that will clearly show that the working class and the ruling class do not have common interests, no matter what the capitalists say otherwise! Unfortunately, the loss of Jobs in Enron will not be he last in the current economic crisis. Many other traditional companies such as Ford and Boeing have already announced major layoffs. Thats life under a system that puts profits before people. Enrons biggest mistake was their pride. In addition arrogance, intolerance and greed. People were blinded by greed. They could not see the dangers, said the former staff lawyer, Amanda Martin. Arrogance, intolerance and greed does not necessarily lead to fraud and embezzlement. But it did with Enrons management, and this lack of morality and common decency filtered down through the organization. The story of Enron started in 1985 in the U. S. IL capital, Houston, as director Kenneth Lay leaves the local Houston Natural Gas merged with a Nebraska-based company International North in the new company Enron to include to do business with 60,000 kilometers of natural gas pipelines in the U. S.. In record time, Enron is with wealth of buying U. S. Largest supplier of natural gas and power and from its impassions headquarters in a skyscra per in Houston a model around the world for how we should privative energy. Quarter after quarter, Enron comes with impressive cords, and the already gilded shareholders can only smile when the IT bubble burst in 2000. They are in tomorrows safest money machine But there are already starting to get cracks in the glass buildings glistening facade. T Tanat Enron should sell bandwidth in line with other groceries. Enron entered into a collaboration with video rental company Blockbuster to supply video on demand. The stock exchange cheered, and Enrons price rose 34 percent in two days. The problem was that the technology was never developed, and the agreement fell to the floor after a few months. But with the mark-to-market principle, one could record 53 million U. S. Dollars on a contract that had not brought a crown. The same was true for many of Enrons other activities around the world. Most gave either no profits or even losses, but the presumed earnings were already booked. And Enrons price rose and rose. As it turns out not to be enough, in 1999, Kenneth Lay gives COOP Fast authorization, at its own expense, with a stripe of Americas most respected financial houses to create a pair of funds. The task is to do business with Enron, so the turnover and the counting earnings can be kept up, and Fast also creates yet more sinister foundations and companies, where he parked Enrons worst deals. There is rejoicing at management of Enron, as power-hungry California the same year opened a vigorous appropriation of its energy market. It offers new opportunities for creative outlets, because Enron peoples better than the officials are able to maneuver at the intricate set of rules. Enron also begins massive online trading speculation in future energy prices to be sold free bandwidth on the internet and here is even a market for speculation in the weather. One of the few areas where Enron really made any money was in California. In 1997, Enron acquired Portland General, and gained access to Californians deregulated electricity market. The recipe for enormous profit was simple. The price of a commodity rises if demand exceeds supply. Enron reduced supply of electricity. This made the price of electricity rise, some days with 3-400 percent. The result of this attempt at a free energy market was that California was hit by power cut in the middle of winter, when electricity demand is lowest. Energy crisis cost the California taxpayers 30 billion dollars, while the electricity cuts earned two billion U. S. Dollars to Enron. But even this golden egg in length could not save Enron. Stock market analysts on Wall Street believed in everything Enron executives told them about Enrons huge profits now and in the future, until the reporter Bethink McLean in an article in Fortune in March 2001 questioned Enrons economic status with the simple question that no one could really answer How does Enron make money? Less than a year after, the house of cards fell together and pulled Americas oldest counting Tell Arthur Andersen Ana Its employees In ten Tall. President Bush said he would be entrepreneurial president. It surely was, but the company was Enron. He created the same alternate reality, the same bubble of hot air. But ultimately dotted the real reality bubble. As commentator Harold Emerson put it: When historians at a time, looking back at the Bush administration, it will give them headaches trying to figure out how a president could do so consistently fail out of so many cases especially considering that many of the cases was his own initiative. Ironically, Enron had the slogan Ask Why, but it did not seem serious until February 2001 when a Journalist at the business magazine Fortune, Bethink McLean, full of wonder analyzed where the glossy annual reports information on Enrons alleged revenue came from. The article was met with attempts at ridicule from Enron, but suddenly a woolly explanation of the company was released, and then finally began a barrage of questions. In October, Enron submitted an accounting of one billion deficit, and in November the company added that there had been an accounting fraud for billions in five years t took only 24 days before the bankruptcy was a fact. There was wealth of reports on how senior management staff in the last few months had sold Enron shares for astronomical sums to avoid personal losses. In the meanwhile, they recommended others to buy. So bankruptcy was also a criminal, and dozens of people began to talk about how they had long wondered what they really even contributed to, but not dared to ask why, because they had been afraid of the answers. In 2004, Fast, who had cooperated with the authorities on the investigation of the case, was sentenced to 10 years imprisonment and a fine of 140 million. R The others were Lay and Killing, who both declared their innocence to the very end, convicted of fraud. What happened in Arthur Andersen? Auditing firm Arthur Andersen was sued and convicted in 2002 for destruction of evidence concerning the fraud-hit energy firm Enron. Andersen shredded Enron documents, and prosecutors said it was to hide complicity in fraud. Arthur Andersen defended themselves by saying that the documents were irrelevant material of a type which were routinely destroyed. The head of Andersens Enron team, David Duncan, pleaded guilty and cooperated let attenuators In ten case galls t Nils 010 Tell. U. S. Supreme Court this week cited with regard to the Jury not sufficiently had taken a position on whether the document was scrapping with criminal intent. Andersen was Enrons auditor general, while other firms revised parts of the company. Among other things, was not Andersen auditor on the so-called partnerships that Enron used to hide its debt and how much of the fraud took place. When the Arthur Andersen fraud was revealed, it led to the break-up of the firm and to the following assessment by the Powers Committee: The evidence available to us suggests that Andersen did not fulfill its professional responsibilities in connection with its audits of Enrons financial statements, or its obligation to bring to the attention of Enrons Board (or the Audit and Compliance Committee) concerns about Enrons internal contracts over the related-party transactions. The deception was initially made possible by a grip that by the rest of the financial world was regarded as brilliant. Enron was permitted to use the accounting principle of mark-to-market, which means you can book future profits on the same day a trade s concluded, regardless of how little there since comes in. Externally, Enrons profits could then be what Enron said it was. It gave great opportunities for manipulation of accounts. Lessons from the rise and fall of Arthur Andersen and Enron Even if many have tried, capitalism is not so easy to keep under control. The Enron collapse is not the only scandal we have seen so far in capitalism and it is most likely not be the last one. Enron has given $1. 9 million to the national political parties, more than three quarters of it to the Republicans. It has spent additional millions on political antedates, so that two-thirds of our national legislators have benefited from Enron largesse to their campaigns. These same millions have given Enron access to the most respected politicians in America. Kenneth Lay had private meetings with Cheney to tell him what the nations energy policy should be. He submitted a list of names of who should be appointed to the Federal Energy Regulatory Commission. This is Just one of the lobbying example of many. We must take the big money influence out of politics. We also have the investors, who, like many other investors, were too mesmerisms by he promise of free money to actually examine Enrons cash flow statements before handing over their hard-earned cash. The stock market has a way of giving investors exactly want teeny deserve, anon when get-roll-quickly Investors Tallow ten palace AT so- called financial analysts who give BUY ratings on companies they dont even understand, what they might get is bankruptcy. Too many investors think the stock market is a giant take-away table of money. They underestimate risk and overestimate the potential for gain. Another lesson would be that the governments cannot deregulate everything. Most likely, businessmen will act in their own interest instead of listening to the public and what they want. The most important lesson would be that the relentless pursuit for profit is a major issue in our economic model. It can easily get out of control and people will get hurt. Additionally, regulations concerning subsidiaries and corporate spin-offs should be amended so that they the relations between parent and subsidiary are transparent and reflect the actual ownership position of the parent company. These are only few of the lessons learned from Enron, but with such a big disaster eke Enron, there are endless lessons to be learned.

Purple Prose - Definition and Examples

Purple Prose s A generally pejorative term for writing or speech characterized by ornate, flowery, or hyperbolic language  is known as purple prose. Contrast it with plain style. The double meaning of the term purple is useful, says  Stephen H. Webb. [I]t is both imperial and regal, demanding attention, and overly ornate, ostentatious, even marked by profanity (Blessed Excess, 1993).Bryan Garner notes that purple prose derives from the Latin phrase purpureus pannus, which appears in the Ars Poetica of Horace (65-68 B.C.) (Garners Modern American Usage, 2009). Examples and Observations: Once in the hands of Duncan Nicol it was translated, as by consecration in the name of a divinity more benevolent than all others, into pisco punch, the wonder and glory of San Francisco’s heady youth, the balm and solace of fevered generations, a drink so endearing and inspired that although its prototype has vanished, its legend lingers on, one with the Grail, the unicorn, and the music of the spheres.†(Columnist Lucius Beebe, Gourmet magazine, 1957; quoted by M. Carrie Allan in Spirits: Pisco Punch, a San Francisco Classic Cocktail With Official Aspirations. The Washington Post, October 3, 2014)Outside pockets of euphoria in Burnley, Hull and Sunderland, fans have been wallowing in liquor-soaked self-pity as the chill hand of failure gripped them by the neck and flung them mercilessly onto the scrap heap of broken dreams. (Please forgive my purple prose here: as a red of the Stretford variety I am perhaps inappropriately using this weeks digest as catharsis, but Ill m ove on, I promise.)(Mark Smith, The Northerner: United in Grief. The Guardian, May 28, 2009) Uncle Toms Cabin suffers from padding (what the French call remplissage), from improbable plot contrivances, mawkish sentimentality, unevenness in prose quality, and purple prosesentences like, Even so, beloved Eva! fair star of thy dwelling! Thou art passing away; but they that love thee dearest know it not.(Charles Johnson, Ethics and Literature. Ethics, Literature, and Theory: An Introductory Reader, 2nd ed., edited by Stephen K. George. Rowman Littlefield, 2005)Characteristics of Purple ProseThe culprits of purple prose are usually modifiers that make your writing wordy, overwrought, distracting, and even silly. . . .In purple prose, skin is always creamy, eyelashes always glistening, heroes always brooding, and sunrises always magical. Purple prose also features an abundance of metaphors and figurative language, long sentences, and abstractions.(Jessica Page Morrell, Between the Lines. Writers Digest Books, 2006)In Defense of Purple ProseCertain producers of plain prose have co nned the reading public into believing that only in prose plain, humdrum or flat can you articulate the mind of inarticulate ordinary Joe. Even to begin to do that you need to be more articulate than Joe, or you might as well tape-record him and leave it at that. This minimalist vogue depends on the premise that only an almost invisible style can be sincere, honest, moving, sensitive and so forth, whereas prose that draws attention to itself by being revved up, ample, intense, incandescent or flamboyant turns its back on something almost holythe human bond with ordinariness. . . .It takes a certain amount of sass to speak up for prose thats rich, succulent and full of novelty. Purple is immoral, undemocratic and insincere; at best artsy, at worst the exterminating angel of depravity. So long as originality and lexical precision prevail, the sentient writer has a right to immerse himself or herself in phenomena and come up with as personal a version as can be. A writer who cant do pu rple is missing a trick. A writer who does purple all the time ought to have more tricks.(Paul West, In Defense of Purple Prose. The New York Times, Dec. 15, 1985) The Pejoration of Purple ProseThe idiom was originally a purple passage or purple patch, and the earliest citation in the Oxford English Dictionary is from 1598. The rhetorical sense in English comes from the Ars Poetica of Horace, specifically from the phrase purpureus pannus, a purple garment or raiment, the color purple symbolizing royalty, grandeur, power.Purple prose doesnt seem to have become wholly pejorative until the twentieth century when steep declines in the vocabulary and reading comprehension of college-educated Americans caused a panic in the education establishment and the newspaper industry, which together launched a campaign against prose that displayed royalty, grandeur, and power. This led to the disappearance of the semicolon, the invention of the sentence fragment, and a marked increase in the use of words like methodological.(Charles Harrington Elster, What in the Word? Harcourt, 2005) See also: AdjectivitisBaroqueBomphiologiaCacozeliaEloquenceEuphuismGongorismGrand StyleOverwritingPadding (Composition)ProseSamuel Johnson on the Bugbear StyleSkotisonTall TalkVerbiageVerbosity

Poem Similarities and differences Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Poem Similarities and differences - Essay Example he first similarity which comes to the reader is the genre of literature since they are both part of the rich African American heritage that has been given to us. While the poems may be separated by time, they are certainly not separated in terms of the cultural background which is seen in the poems. For example, the role of the father as the supporter of the house despite his anger or frustration at the difficult situation he is placed in and the idea of having little but making do with what you have is obvious in both poems. A further similarity is the idea of love between family members even if that love is not expressed or experienced as it should be in ideal circumstances. However, that becomes another similarity of the poems since neither of the writers is presenting ideal circumstances and in fact, the circumstances are quite hard for the narrators in both poems. Hayden’s narrator has to deal with not understanding the love his father had for him while Giovanni’s narrator has difficulties in understanding why her family fights a lot. The last similarity is that both poems are written from the viewpoint of an adult looking back at childhood but strangely enough, they present a perfectly realistic view of their childhoods without sugar coating the facts. Instead of the idealized image of childhood as being a carefree and happy time, they recognize that they had little to go on and perhaps were not as good to their parents or to their family as they should have been. This also leads us to the differences between the poems as one is more forthright than the other. Giovanni’s poem not only describes a difficult childhood, the poem also describes how others in the future can take a distorted look at her early life. She notes that others coming after her to study her life may say that she had a poor childhood but she herself notes that her childhood was not as bad as future historians may think it to be. On the other hand, Hayden is more concerned about

Assignmwnt 1 Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Assignmwnt 1 - Assignment Example This can only be possible by analysing the following factors:- The economic sanctions placed on Iran have been meant to dissuade the country from manufacturing weapons of mass destruction (WMD), however, it is important to analyse whether the economic sanctions should be lifted or be left in place. There have been concerns on the best way for the Unites States and Israel to react to Iran’s nuclear activities. Even as the debate rages, the United States has tightened its economic sanctions on Iran and the European Union is now boycotting the country oil. Although negotiations are still ongoing and Iran has agreed to put its nuclear plans on hold, the crisis is not yet over. The promise to put the plans on hold should not be an indication that the Middle East peace is guaranteed (Rennack 5). By looking at the current state, there are several ways that the country’s nuclear program can end. To begin with, diplomacy together with harder economic sanctions could persuade Iran to drop its plan of a nuclear program. Historically, this is not likely to happen since past events have showed that a country that is intent on getting nuclear weapons is not likely to be discouraged from doing so. In essence, punishing a nation through economic impediments does very little in delaying its nuclear program. A case in point in North Korea, which managed to build its nuclear weapons despite numerous sanctions as well as the UN Security Council resolutions. If Tehran feels like its security is dependent on acquiring nuclear weapons, there is less likelihood that embargoes will change their mind. In reality, introducing more sanctions may make them feel even more defenceless, giving the country an even greater reason to rely on the protection of the definitive deterrent (Rennack 10 ). The other possible outcome is where Iran does not in actuality test a nuclear weapon but