Determination Of Solubility Of Polar Solutes - 1074 Words

Introduction In the extraction of certain compounds, solubility plays an important factor in how the procedure is performed. The identification of which solvent is best for the substance is crucial. The relation of polarity between the solute and solvent is determined at a molecular level. The relationship between the solvent and solute needed shared similar characteristics. Polar solutes are dissolved in polar solvents while nonpolar solutes are dissolved in nonpolar solvents. From a chemical level, molecules are attracted to other similar molecules closest to their properties. Polar molecules are only attracted to polar molecules in both the solute and the solvent, and the same goes for nonpolar molecules. This explanation†¦show more content†¦For example, in some alkaline solvents acidic products will become deprotonated, keeping them soluble in water. The target compound can then be extracted as a free base. The extract results then are isolated by the addition of two immiscible sol vents. Two solvents that cannot be mixed are used so that there is a clear separation between the aqueous and organic layer. The component needed for extraction is contained in the organic layer. This is because the compound is more soluble to the composition of the organic layer. Multiple extractions with smaller volumes are more efficient than a single extraction at a one large volume. When an organic solvent is used to extract a compound from the aqueous solvent, smaller volumes will result in a better extraction. The success upon the collection of the crude material is depended on how well the water is absorbed by the anhydrous drying material. The presence of the drying material correlates with the vapor pressure of the other compound. When the vapor pressure is low, there is a smaller amount of moisture in the gas produced. Once the anhydrous material is added and clumping was avoided, the evaporation of the added organic substance can proceed. The final material collected can be physically identified by the final color of the precipitate. A greenish- white precipitate is most likely identified to be pure, and a brownish color indicates that the collected material is wet, and notShow MoreRelatedThin Layer Chromatography Lab Report1791 Words   |  8 Pagesmolecules, and determines the identity of a mixture of compounds. STRUCTURES AND PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF REACTANTS [1] SOLVENTS | a. Hexane1Molecular Molarity: 86.18 g/molBoiling Point: 69  ºCMelting Point: -95 ºCDensity: 0.659 g/mL at 25 ºCWater Solubility: Insoluble in waterColor/Texture: Colorless/LiquidHazardous Information: May cause irritation to the eyes, skin and respiratory system. May cause drowsiness and/or dizziness. Suspected of damaging fertility or unborn child. May cause damage to organsRead MoreQuantitative Analysis Cheat Sheet6271 Words   |  26 Pagessubstance: number of some specified elementary entity: mole (quantity: amount) unit: mole One serving of milk contains 195 mg PHOSPHORUS (matrix ïÆ'   value ïÆ'   unit ïÆ'   specie/analyte) Matrix: where the specie is being determined Concentration: how much solute is contained in a given mass or volume Molarity: mol/L * Molality: mol/kg *weight percent: mass of substance per mass solution (g/g % or wt%) *volume percent: Vol % * mole fraction: amount of substance in the total amount of solution (unitless) Read MoreRecrystallization And Identification Of Unknown1796 Words   |  8 Pagesdissolves the solute, the solute molecules-both the pure parts and the impurities- float among the solvent molecules. After the solution has cooled, the solvent is not able to hold any of the solute molecules any more, and they begin to form solid crystals at the surface. Each solute molecule will approach the crystal and rest on it; if its geometry fits that of the crystal, it is more likely to remain on the crystal than to go back into the solvent. Thus, the crystals only contain the solute moleculesRead MoreDetermination of Unknown Liquid (2-Butanol)2586 Words   |  11 Pagesmethods to deductively identify compounds (1) . The determination of unknown #6 (2-butanol) was identified by a ser ies of test; first taking the boiling point (94-96 C), performing a solubility test, Beilstien test, Ignition test, and the appropriate functional group tests. An infrared spectrum and an NMR spectrum were then obtained and confirmation of the compound was proved. 2-butanol (sec-butyl alcohol) Introduction: The determination of unknowns is an important skill to organic chemistRead MoreExtraction and Characterization of Proteins3660 Words   |  15 Pagesobtained and stored in crystalline form. (Boyer, 2000) The solubility behavior of proteins is largely affected by the ionic strength. In general, this behavior is described by a curve like the one below. As the ionic strength increases, protein solubility increases at first. This is refered to as â€Å"salting in†. Although, beyond a certain point, the solubility begins to decrease and this is known as â€Å"salting out†. (Boyer, 2000) Figure 1. Solubility of proteins If the ionic strength is low, the activityRead MoreSynthesis of Salicylic Acid and Potentiometric Determination of Its Purity and Dissociation Constant4209 Words   |  17 PagesSynthesis of Salicylic Acid and Potentiometric Determination of its Purity and Dissociation Constant ------------------------------------------------- Abstract The purpose of the study is to synthesize salicylic acid from the ester, methyl salicylate, and determine the acid’s dissociation constant and purity. The ester was converted to salicylic acid by base hydrolysis. The products were refluxed and recrystallized, to ensure maximum purity, and filtered, dried, and weighed. The melting point